国内外雪崩试验、流变模型与动力模拟进展综述  

PROGRESS REVIEW ON EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES,RHEOLOGICAL MODELS AND DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF SNOW AVALANCHE

作　　者：徐小蓉 田园诗 孙其诚[2] 孙玉科 张尚弘[1] XU Xiaorong;TIAN Yuanshi;SUN Qicheng;SUN Yuke;ZHANG Shanghong(School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院,北京102206 [2]清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《力学与实践》2024年第5期907-918,共12页Mechanics in Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52209161);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2023MS071)资助。

摘　　要：高海拔地区水电建设面临雪崩、冰崩等地质灾害的挑战。本文以雪崩为研究对象,阐述关于雪崩试验技术、流变模型及动力学数值模拟的研究进展。国内外通过开展全尺寸雪崩试验或缩尺雪槽试验,结合先进测量技术积累雪崩案例数据;雪崩常被视作复杂流体或颗粒流,采用Voellmy双参数模型、多孔黏弹塑性模型、颗粒流流变模型等描述其流变行为;基于流体动力学和基于连续介质力学的雪崩动态模拟已逐步发展成熟。该研究可为雪崩运动路径的科学预测与灾害风险评估奠定基础。In high-altitude regions,hydropower construction faces challenges from geological disasters such as snow avalanches and ice collapses.Taking snow avalanche as the research object,this paper discusses the research progress on experimental techniques,rheological models,and dynamic numerical simulations of snow avalanches.Full-scale snow avalanche tests or reduced-scale chute tests of snow have been conducted to accumulate data of avalanche cases using advanced measurement techniques at home and abroad.Snow avalanches are often considered as complex fluids or granular flows,and their rheological behavior is described using models such as the Voellmy dual-parameter model,porous visco-plastic model,or granular flow rheological model.Snow avalanche dynamic simulations based on fluid dynamics or continuum mechanics have gradually matured,providing a scientific basis for avalanche path prediction and disaster risk assessment.

关 键 词：雪崩灾害 高海拔水电建设 雪崩动力学 雪崩流动试验 流变模型 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]