海南省2012—2021年农村饮用水硝酸盐污染特征与健康风险评估  

Pollution characteristics and health risks assessment of nitrates in rural drinking water in Hainan,2012-2021

作　　者：封丹[1] 曾月 李永忠[1] 杨夕 陈少明[1] 叶海湄[1] 何昌华[1] FENG Dan;ZENG Yue;LI Yongzhong;YANG Xi;CHEN Shaoming;YE Haimei;HE Changhua(Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine,Haikou,Hainan 571129,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南省预防医学科学院,海南海口571129

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第9期1116-1122,共7页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.820MS156)。

摘　　要：目的为了解海南省农村饮用水硝酸盐污染情况,评估人群健康风险,为饮水卫生管理和干预措施提供依据。方法对海南省2012—2021年14037份农村饮用水开展硝酸盐监测,采用《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777—2021)的环境健康风险模型分析硝酸盐含量和评估人群健康风险。结果海南省2012—2021年共开展监测水样14037份,硝酸盐浓度中位数为0.70 mg/L,达标率为97.08%,年度间达标率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=97.982,P<0.001)。枯水期、丰水期达标率分别为97.18%、96.97%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.543,P>0.05);以地表水为水源、以地下水为水源达标率分别为98.95%、95.24%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=170.898,P<0.001);出厂水、末梢水达标率分别为96.81%、97.26%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.319,P>0.05);各市县达标率范围为90.41%~100.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=332.779,P<0.001)。10年间不同年龄段人群的平均非致癌风险均小于1,部分年龄段人群的最大非致癌风险有出现大于1,其中1~<2岁人群的平均非致癌风险和最大非致癌风险分别为0.052和4.022。非致癌风险随人群年龄的增长而升高,在1~<2岁人群达到最高值,后随人群年龄的增长而降低。硝酸盐含量和最大非致癌风险高值主要集中在海口市、白沙黎族自治县、乐东黎族自治县、儋州市、陵水黎族自治县(下文称陵水县)、定安县和昌江黎族自治县(下文称昌江县)的局部乡镇,其中昌江县昌化镇、陵水县新村镇、琼中黎族苗族自治县中平镇、昌江县海尾镇的最大非致癌风险分别达到4.022、3.656、3.148、2.998,对人体存在长期暴露的非致癌风险。结论海南省2012—2021年农村饮用水硝酸盐对人体产生的非致癌风险整体较低,但硝酸盐含量较高的地区应在管网规模化建设、水处理工艺改造、污染源控制等方面采取相应的干预措施。Objective To understand the nitrate pollution status in rural drinking water in Hainan Province,evaluate the health risks to the population,and provide a reference for drinking water hygiene management and intervention measures.Methods Monitoring of nitrates was conducted on 14037 samples of rural drinking water in Hainan Province from 2012 to 2021,using the environmental health risk model from the"Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances"(WS/T 777—2021)to analyze nitrate content and assess population health risks.Results A total of 14037 water samples were tested from 2012 to 2021,with a mean nitrate concentration of 0.70 mg/L,and the nitrate compliance rate was 97.08%,and the difference between the annual compliance rates was statistically significant(χ^(2)=97.982,P<0.001).The compliance rates during dry and wet seasons were 97.18%and 96.97%respectively,and the difference was no statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.543,P>0.05).The compliance rates for surface water and groundwater sources were 98.95%and 95.24%respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=170.898,P<0.001).The compliance rates for finished and tap water were 96.81%and 97.26%respectively,and the difference was no statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.319,P>0.05).The water compliance rates across various cities and counties ranged from 90.41%to 100.00%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=332.779,P<0.001).Over the ten years,the average non-carcinogenic risks for different age groups were all less than 1,but the maximum non-carcinogenic risks for some age groups were greater than 1.The average and maximum non-carcinogenic risks for the 1 to less than 2-year-old group were 0.052 and 4.022,respectively.Noncarcinogenic risk increased with age,peaking in the 1 to less than 2-year-old group,and then decreased with further aging.The highest values of nitrate content and maximum non-carcinogenic risks were mainly concentrated in some towns of Haikou,Baisha,Ledong,Danzhou,Li

关 键 词：农村饮用水 硝酸盐 健康风险评估 污染特征 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]