不止于经济效率:“农业剩余劳动”的多维价值分析  

Not Only Economic Efficiency:Multidimensional Values of Agricultural Surplus Labor

作　　者：陈奕山 Chen Yishan(School of Marxism,Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院、广东省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心 [2]中山大学华南农村研究中心、中国式现代化广东实践研究院 [3]中山大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2024年第4期25-42,M0001,共19页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：经济学文献认为,我国存在大量低产出效率的“农业剩余劳动”,这些劳动缺乏价值,其数量最好尽快压减至零。然而,经济价值无法囊括多维度的价值,缺乏经济产出效率不意味着农业剩余劳动在其他维度上同样无价值。从保障国家粮食安全看,我国农业生产过程尚离不开必要的低产出效率的劳动支持;从共同富裕看,开展具有较低产出效率的农业劳动是弱势乡村劳动者实现自身劳动价值的方式;从乡村内在发展利益看,部分青壮劳动力留在乡村能够优化乡村的生产要素结构;从社会稳定看,低效率农业劳动是外出务工返乡者的托底就业机会;从文化价值看,看似低效的周期性农业劳动生成了丰富的农耕文化;从生态价值看,经济产出效率低的农业劳动蕴含着某些循环节约利用资源的生态智慧。推进农业农村现代化,不应忽视“农业剩余劳动”在经济效率之外的多维价值。Economic literature suggests that there is a large amount of low economic efficiency"agricul-tural surplus labor"in China,which lacks value and should be reduced to zero as quickly as possible.However,lacking economic value doesn't implicit that agricultural surplus labor is equally worthless in other dimensions.In the dimension of national food security,China's agricultural production process is still supported by labor of low economic efficiency.In the dimension of common prosperity,engaging in agricultural labor with lower output efficiency is a way for vulnerable rural workers to realize their own labor value.In the view of the internal development interests of rural areas,the optimization of rural production factor structure needs enough young labor devotes in rural areas.In the view of social stability,inefficient agricultural labor is a basic employment opportunity for migrant workers returning to their hometowns.In the view of cultural value,seemingly inefficient cyclical agricultural labor has generated rich agricultural culture.In the view of ecological value,agricultural labor with low economic output efficiency embodies ecological wisdom of utilizing resource in cyclic energy-saving manner.To promote modernization of agriculture and rural areas,policy should not ignore the multidimensional values of agricultural surplus labor beyond economic efficiency.

关 键 词：农业剩余劳动 经济效率 价值 劳动的多维价值 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]