以智能合约为工具的共犯问题研究  

Research on Accomplice Problem Using Smart Contract as Tool

作　　者：岳平 杨晶晶 Yue Ping;Yang Jingjing

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院刑事司法学院 [2]不详

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2024年第5期79-88,共10页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：以智能合约为工具的共犯问题在学界研究尚少,多以抽象化理论概述。对于无意思联络下的共犯认定问题,采取行为共同说较妥当。抽象的犯意明知可以替代具体内容的意思联络,无需对涉智能合约犯罪的帮助行为正犯化,只需根据具体犯罪内容适用罪名即可。对于自动执行性涉及的共犯实行行为认定,应当肯定实质预备犯的限缩解释,采取“法益重大程度+法益侵害的紧迫性”双重标准认定预备行为。就不可撤销性对共同犯罪形态认定的影响,需要在强智能合约和弱智能合约两类场景下分别讨论。强智能合约的语境下无法成立犯罪中止,而弱智能合约的语境下,可以实现犯罪中止,若侵害结果仍然发生,实现了共犯脱离,则成立犯罪未遂。其中技术服务者对智能合约的共同犯罪作用不可忽视,通过对注意义务的限定,坚持规范论立场下的义务违反标准,肯定故意的不作为参与成立正犯,重视技术服务者主体性地位并强化其责任。intention of the crime can replace the meaning of the specific content,and there is no need to criminalize the help of smart contract crimes,but only need to apply the charges according to the specific crime content.For accomplices involved in automatic execution,we should affirm the limited interpretation of substantive preparatory crime,and adopt the double standard of"the significance of legal interest+the urgency of legal interest infringement"to identify the preparatory act.The influence of irrevocability on the identification of joint criminal forms needs to be discussed in two scenarios:strong smart contract and weak mental contract.In the context of a strong smart contract,criminal discontinuance cannot be established,while in the context of a mentally retarded contract,criminal discontinuance can be achieved.If the result of the infringement still occurs and the accomplice is separated,the establishment of a crime is attempted.Among them,the joint criminal role of technical service providers to smart contracts cannot be ignored.Through the limitation of the duty of care,adhere to the standard of obligation violation under the normative position,affirm the intentional inaction to participate in the establishment of principal criminals,attach importance to the subjective status of technical service providers and strengthen their responsibilities.

关 键 词：共同犯罪 智能合约 行为共同说 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]