高校实验室自制气体燃烧装置风险防控研究  

Study on risk prevention and control for custom-built gas combustion devices in college and university laboratories

作　　者：李晖[1] 李款 沈子靖 艾德生[1] LI Hui;LI Kuan;SHEN Zijing;AI Desheng(Office of Laboratory Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学实验室管理处,北京100084

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第10期237-241,共5页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：教育部高校实验室安全战略研究项目(57230000124)。

摘　　要：高校实验室自制气体燃烧装置存在较高风险。首先介绍了计算可燃混合气爆炸极限、绘制燃烧三元相图两种方法,用于判断常压室温条件下混合气体燃爆特性。然后以常压燃烧器和爆燃/爆轰装置为例研究爆炸风险,分析了装置冲击部位异常温升的关键因素,给出了负压状态下预混可燃气发生绝热压缩导致爆炸的计算实例。最后,基于本质安全,从实验方案安全技术要点、实验装置设计制造安全要求、实验室环境安全提升、个人防护用品配置四方面提出爆炸防控措施。[Objective]Most gas combustion devices used in university laboratories are custom-built.Given the widespread use of mixed gases,both the devices and experiments pose significant risks.Inadequate consideration of safety during the design,manufacture,and operation of these devices increases the likelihood of explosion accidents,which can result in severe injuries and property damage.Therefore,engineering control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of such accidents.[Methods]This paper proposes using the Le Chatelier formula to estimate the explosion limits of combustible mixed gases.It emphasizes creating a flammability diagram for combustible gas–inert gas–oxygen mixtures and presents the combustion and explosion characteristics of mixed gases with varying volume fractions under standard temperature and pressure conditions.This approach offers a quantitative method for mitigating explosion risks by incorporating inert gases into combustion experiments.Additionally,the paper classifies combustion devices into two categories:normal pressure burners and deflagration/detonation devices.[Results]A comparison of the two types of devices reveals that deflagration/detonation devices pose a higher safety risk.When preparing and handling combustible mixed gases in these devices,special attention should be given to the impact parts of the device during gas flow,as these components are more prone to abnormal temperature increases.This paper estimates the temperature after adiabatic compression of commonly used combustible gases,such as methane and oxygen,and suggests that adiabatic compression in the negative pressure state of impact parts may lead to accidental combustion and explosion.Moreover,the explosion hazards associated with gas combustion devices are discussed from several perspectives,including the explosion temperatures and pressures of commonly used combustible gases in the laboratory and the effects of explosion overpressure on human health.[Conclusions]From the standpoint of inherent safety,the

关 键 词：预混气体 燃烧装置 冲击部位异常温升 绝热压缩 爆炸风险防控 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] G482[文化科学—教育学]