工商业与人权视野下企业环境责任履行的激励机制研究  

Fulfillment of Environmental Responsibilities from the Perspective of Business and Human Rights

作　　者：王怀勇[1,2] 朱峰 WANG Huaiyong;ZHU Feng(Research Center of Digital Economy and Rule of Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law;School of Economic Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学 [2]西南政法大学数字经济与法治研究中心 [3]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《人权法学》2024年第5期62-83,153,154,共24页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：教育部国家人权教育与培训基地项目“工商业与人权视野下的企业环境责任研究”(1JJD820006)。

摘　　要：“企业中心主义”的环境责任理论难以为企业履行环境责任提供充分的内外驱动力,工商业与人权视角则会为要求和激励企业履行环境责任提供一种补充性理解,以及更强的理论和实践支撑。审视当前企业环境责任履行激励机制可以发现,其虽已经形成了若干实践形式,但仍然面临适用标准不完善、社会层面环保响应不到位及责任履行体系欠缺的问题。基于此,应当以人权理念、制度经验及相关规范性文件的实践为有益指引和参考,完善企业履责激励的适用标准,加强环境人权的社会化教育,健全企业环境人权的尽责体系。From the perspective of corporation centrism,environmental responsibility is a business-centered,voluntary,and optional form of social responsibility,which struggles to provide sufficient internal and external driving forces for corporations to fulfill their environmental responsibilities.The perspective of business and human rights can offer a supplementary understanding and more substantial theoretical and practical support for demanding and incentivizing corporations to fulfill their environmental responsibilities.On the one hand,this perspective shifts the human rights discourse,moving away from the corporation-centric paradigm that ties environmental responsibilities to corporation profits and economic growth,clarifying the relationship between environmental rights and development,and addressing the shortcomings of traditional corporation social responsibility theories regarding human rights values.On the other hand,introducing the business and human rights perspective facilitates leveraging human rights mechanisms,such as accessing international human rights frameworks and related norms,to create a social,market,and institutional environment that promotes corporation accountability for environment-related human rights,thereby enhancing external pressure and internal motivation for corporations to fulfill these responsibilities.From a practical aspect,the internal and external incentive mechanisms for fulfilling corporation environmental responsibilities are composed of national-level policy incentives and legal regulations,active societal responses and public pressure,corporation reputation effects and competitive advantages in protecting environment.However,examining the current state of corporations'fulfillment of environmental responsibility from the perspective of business and human rights reveals that the relevant internal and external incentive mechanisms in China’s corporations still face challenges of ineffective motivation.First,there are issues of ambiguity and unfairness in the standards for po

关 键 词：工商业与人权 企业环境责任 激励机制 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]