中古汉语“过”的三种新兴用法及其历史演变——兼论闽语中的存留现象  

Three New Grammatical Uses of"Guo"(过)in Middle Chinese:on Correlative Phenomena in Min Dialect

作　　者：洪晓婷[1] HONG Xiaoting(College of Chinese Language and Culture,Huaqiao University,Xiamen,Fujian 361000)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学华文学院,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《绵阳师范学院学报》2024年第10期62-69,共8页Journal of Mianyang Teachers＇ College

基　　金：福建省社会科学基金项目“中古词汇在闽语中的存留与变异研究”(FJ2021B101);华侨大学华文学院2023年学术研究类重点课题“明清时期琉球汉语教育史研究”(HW202302)。

摘　　要：动词“过”在中古汉语时期发生了不同程度虚化,发展出了三种新用法:动量词用法,表示“遍、次”;程度副词用法,表示“极、非常”;比较词用法,相当于“比”。其中,动量词用法使用最广,生命力最强,后两者次之。比较词用法在通语中不占优势,在近代汉语时期就消亡了。现代闽语中“过”的三种语法用法源自中古汉语,动量词用法还比较强势,其他两种用法都趋于式微。不同程度保留中古汉语“过”的三种新兴用法也是闽语的一个特征。In the period of Middle Chinese,the verb of"Guo"(过)underwent different degrees of grammaticalization,resulting in its three new uses:use as an action measure word,meaning"times";use as a degree adverb,denoting"very";use as a comparative preposition,standing for"than".Among them,the first use was most wide and vigorous,and the second and third ones,next.The use as a comparative preposition had no superiority in the common language,and disappeared in Modern Chinese.The three grammatical uses of"Guo"(过)in contemporary Min Dialect originated from Middle Chinese,and its use as an action measure word is still comparatively wide,while its uses as the other two tend to be in decline.Also a feature of Min Dialect is retaining the three new uses of"Guo"(过)in Middle Chinese to a different degree.

关 键 词：“过” 中古汉语 闽语 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]