中国省会城市的交通肇事犯罪时空分布特征分析  

Study of the Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Criminal Traffic Offenses in Chinese Provincial Capital Cities

作　　者：赖翔晖 庄国鑫 林晓萍[1] LAI Xianghui;ZHUANG Guoxin;LIN Xiaoping(Basic Course Teaching Department,Fujian Police College,Fuzhou Fujian,350007;Experimental Center,Fujian Police College,Fuzhou Fujian,350007)

机构地区：[1]福建警察学院基础课教学部,福建福州350007 [2]福建警察学院实验中心,福建福州350007

出　　处：《山西大同大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期31-38,79,共9页Journal of Shanxi Datong University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：福建省哲学社会科学项目[FJ2023BF015]。

摘　　要：交通肇事犯罪是造成道路人身伤亡事故的重要原因,运用地理信息系统方法,分析中国F市2014—2018年5年间交通肇事犯罪的案件情况,发现F市交通肇事犯罪者以中青年低学历为主;对其时空分布特征剖析可知,在空间上,交通肇事犯罪存在一定路网依存性,以主干路网为中心呈放射状向周边路网递减。以三环内主城区和周边县城为主,主要集中在人口活动区,且在工业区和船舶码头存在一定聚集性,具有沿海区域特性。从时间上看,夜间为主要犯案时段,醉驾、私改机动车和飙车超速等为肇事犯罪的主要诱因。早高峰、上午和晚高峰时段,则与职住分离导致的人员流动有关。基于此,应充分运用“日间警力驻点值守”和“夜间多点巡逻”双模式,引导高聚集区向低聚集区借鉴有效监管经验,以期降低这一区域总体肇事犯罪水平。该研究可为保障道路交通安全提供理论指导。Criminal traffic offenses are a major cause of road accidents resulting in personal injury and fatalities.Employing Geographic Information System(GIS)methods,this paper analyzes the cases of traffic offenses in F City,China over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2018,and discovers that the traffic offenders in F City are predominantly young and middle-aged individuals with low educational attainment.Analyzing their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics,this paper observes that,spatially,traffic offenses show a certain dependence on the road network,with a radial decrease from the main road network to the surrounding road networks.The offenses are mainly concentrated in the central urban area within the Third Ring Road and the surrounding county towns,particularly in areas with high population activity.There is also a certain concentration in industrial zones and ship docks,reflecting coastal region characteristics.From a temporal perspective,nighttime is the primary period for offenses,with drunk driving,illegal modifications of motor vehicles,and speeding being the main causes of criminal traffic offenses.During the morning rush hour,late morning,and evening rush hour,incidents are related to the movement of people caused by the separation of residential and work areas.Based on these reasons,a dual-mode approach should be implemented,utilizing“daytime stationed police presence”and“nighttime multi-point patrols”.This approach can guide high-density areas to adopt effective supervision experiences from low-density areas,aiming to reduce the overall traffic offenses in the region.This study can provide theoretical guidance for ensuring road traffic safety.

关 键 词：交通肇事犯罪 时空分布特征 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：DF792.6[政治法律—诉讼法学]