本科生学情调查中的能力自评与客观测评一致吗?——基于批判性思维能力的实证研究  

Do Self-Evaluations Align with Objective Assessments of Undergraduate Student Abilities?An Empirical Study on Critical Thinking Skills

作　　者：冯沁雪 马莉萍[2] 王牛 FENG Qinxue;MA Liping;WANG Niu(Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Economics of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,江苏南京210023 [2]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2024年第4期44-54,共11页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“数字化背景下的教育质量评价研究”(22JJD880002)。

摘　　要：基于追踪调查数据,分析本科生批判性思维能力主观自评与客观测评的一致性,考察具有何类特征的学生倾向于高估或低估自身能力,并探究基线主客观评价对追踪主观自评的影响。研究发现:有较大比例的学生会高估或低估自身的能力水平,其中男性、高年级、家庭背景较好、来自重点高中、参加过相关课程的学生更可能高估自身能力;基线测评中低估自身能力的学生,在追踪调查时更可能提升主观自评;追踪调查时的主观自评信度较高,相比基线测评效度有所改善。研究发现为如何提升学情调查中能力自评的可靠性提供了启示。This study investigates the consistency between undergraduate students'self-assessed and objectively measured critical thinking abilities using longitudinal survey data.The study examines:(1)the prevalence and direction(overestimation vs.underestimation)of discrepancies between self-assessment and objective assessment;(2)student characteristics associated with overestimation and underestimation;and(3)the influence of baseline subjective and objective assessments on subsequent self-assessment.Results reveal a substantial proportion of students misjudging their critical thinking abilities,with overestimation being more common.Male students,senior undergraduates,those from more advantaged family backgrounds,those graduating from key high schools,and those having taken critical thinking courses are more likely to overestimate their abilities.Students with a tendency to underestimate their abilities at baseline are more likely to demonstrate improvement in their subsequent self-assessments.The follow-up self-assessments demonstrate relatively high reliability,and the validity has improved commpared to the baseline assessment.These findings highlight the limitations of relying solely on self-reported data for assessing critical thinking skills and offer insights for enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of subjective ability assessments in student surveys.

关 键 词：主观自评 客观测评 学情调查 批判性思维能力 能力评价 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]