我国GAI数据治理的多元协同模式研究——新加坡治理经验的启示  

Construction of a Multi-Synergy Mode for GAI Data Governance in China: Inspiration from Singapore’s Governance Experience

作　　者：胡裕岭[1] 姚浩亮 HU Yuling;YAO Haoliang(Criminal Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期86-98,共13页Journal of Hohai University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD199);上海市法学会国家安全法律研究会2024年度课题项目(2024SNSL04)。

摘　　要：数据治理是现代国家发展生成式人工智能技术所关注的焦点议题。党的十八大以来,党中央、国务院高度重视数据治理工作,相继出台了《中华人民共和国数据安全法》等一系列法律和规定。然而,面对生成式人工智能带来的数据风险,我国当前的数据治理模式偏向以国家监管和法规施行为主的硬法模式,尚未形成国家、社会和个体协同参与的多元格局,且备案、审查、调查等静态治理手段难以应对技术发展变化带来的不确定性挑战。新加坡的数据治理模式充分吸收了欧盟、美国等人工智能数据治理优势国家及地区的治理经验,并在全球范围内率先推出技术治理方案,形成了集多元主体、多元规范、多元举措于一体的数据治理体系。在此模式下,AI Veirfy、Project Moonshot等技术治理工具提升了治理规范的确定性;《生成式人工智能模型治理框架》等软法与《个人数据保护法案》等硬法保障着治理手段的可执行性;AI Verify基金会架起了公私协作的桥梁,深化了治理空间的层次性。对此,我国应辩证地借鉴新加坡的治理经验,构建以权力、权利、义务为指引的多元主体参与路径;完善技术与规范相结合的多元治理举措,丰富数据治理的工具箱;充分发挥硬法的有效执行优势与软法的灵活治理优势,实现数据治理法律规范体系的内在融贯,以此构建符合我国基本国情、满足我国治理需求的多元协同数据治理模式。Data governance is a topic of focus for the development of generative artificial intelligence technology in modern countries.Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to data governance,and have successively introduced a series of laws and regulations,such as the Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China,the Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exit,and the Provisions for Promoting and Regulating Cross-border Flow of Data.However,in the face of the data risks brought about by generative artificial intelligence,China’s current data governance model is biased towards a hard law model of state regulation and enforcement of laws and regulations,and has not yet formed a pluralistic pattern of collaborative participation by the state,society and individuals,and governance means such as record-keeping,review and investigation are relatively static,making it difficult to cope with the challenges of the uncertainty brought about by technological development and change.Singapore’s pluralistic and synergistic data governance model has fully absorbed the governance experience of the EU,the U.S.and other countries and regions with advantages in AI data governance,and has taken the lead in launching technical governance programs globally,forming a data governance system that integrates pluralistic subjects,pluralistic norms and pluralistic initiatives.Under this model,technical governance tools such as AI Verify and Project Moonshot enhance the certainty of governance norms,soft laws such as the Generative Artificial Intelligence Model Governance Framework and hard laws such as the Personal Data Protection Act safeguard the enforceability of governance tools,and the AI Verify Foundation builds a bridge for public-private collaboration,deepening the hierarchy of the governance space.In this regard,drawing dialectically on Singapore’s governance experience,we should construct a path of participation by multiple subjects guided

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 数据治理 多元协同 层级治理 新加坡 

分 类 号：DF37[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] TP18[政治法律—法学]