基于外形特征的潍县萝卜筛选系统研制与试验  

Development and experiment of Weixian radish screening system based on appearance characteristics

作　　者：施国英[1,2] 李天华 董广胜[1] 盛泽 娄伟 SHI Guoying;LI Tianhua;DONG Guangsheng;SHENG Ze;LOU Wei(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an Shandong 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment,Tai'an Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省园艺机械与装备重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《农业工程》2024年第10期102-107,共6页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：山东省蔬菜产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05-11)。

摘　　要：针对目前潍县萝卜表面缺陷筛选主要依靠人工,存在工作强度大、分拣效率低等问题,设计了一种基于外形特征的潍县萝卜筛选系统,并搭建了试验台架。实地采集了潍县萝卜表面缺陷数据照片,构建数据集,通过调节亮度与对比度、旋转、缩放、高斯模糊及添加椒盐噪声等方法对数据集进行了扩充,以防止过拟合;对数据进行标注,分为根部多头、弯曲、损伤和虫眼4种类型;选用模型体积小、检测速度快的YOLOv5s网络对潍县萝卜表面缺陷数据集进行训练,并生成识别模型。结果表明,其识别准确率90.25%、精确率93.77%、召回率90.83%和mAP@0.5为91.21%。模拟实际作业环境,设计并制作了试验样机,采用传送带带动萝卜移动,上位机通过双摄像头对萝卜的表面信息进行采集并进行处理,下位机控制同步带滑台带动推板完成对萝卜的分拣。在输送平台传送带速度分别为0.16、0.30和0.38m/s时进行筛选试验,结果表明,筛选总体准确率分别为97.5%、92.0%和82.5%。该研究可为潍县萝卜筛选装置的研发提供设计参考。A Weixian radish screening system based on external features has been designed to address current problem of manual selection of surface defects in Weixian radish,which results in high work intensity and low sorting efficiency.A test bench has been built to address this issue.Photos of surface defects in Weixian radish were collected on-site,and a dataset was constructed.Dataset was expanded by adjusting brightness and contrast,rotation,scaling,Gaussian blur,and adding salt and pepper noise to prevent overfitting.The data was annotated into four types:root multi head,bending,damage,and insect eye.YOLOv5s network with small model size and fast detection speed was selected to train Weixian radish surface defect dataset and generate a recognition model.Results showed that its recognition accuracy was 90.25%,accuracy was 93.77%,recall rate was 90.83%,and mAP@0.5 was 91.21%.Actual working environment was simulated,an experimental prototype was designed and produced,using a conveyor belt to drive radish to move.The upper computer collected and processed surface information of radish through dual cameras,and the lower computer controlled synchronous belt slide table to drive push plate to complete sorting of radish.Screening experiments were conducted at conveyor belt speeds of 0.16,0.30,and 0.38 m/s on conveyor platform,and results showed that overall screening accuracy was 97.5%,92.0%,and 82.5%,respectively.This study could provide design references for development of radish screening device in Weixian County.

关 键 词：潍县萝卜 图像处理 目标检测 萝卜分级 YOLOv5s 

分 类 号：S226.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]