自然贮存固体发动机推进剂老化特性  

Aging characteristics of natural storage solid motor propellant

作　　者：孙海涛 翁洁鑫 唐菲 张漩 申志彬[1,2] SUN Haitao;WENG Jiexin;TANG Fei;ZHANG Xuan;SHEN Zhibin(College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Planning and Simulation for Aerospace Missions,Changsha 410073,China;Inner Mongolia Power Machinery Research Institute,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073 [2]空天任务智能规划与仿真湖南省重点实验室,长沙410073 [3]内蒙动力机械研究所,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2024年第5期638-644,共7页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12372203)。

摘　　要：针对某自然贮存10 a的固体火箭发动机,在其不同部位的推进剂药柱进行取样,采用化学分析法和感度法测试固体推进剂化学特性,分析其老化性能;利用定速拉伸试验,研究6种不同温度和压力工况下推进剂的力学性能,分析围压和温度对自然贮存推进剂的影响;采用电镜扫描法和能谱分析法研究不同部位推进剂内部组分变化与细观现象,分析其老化特性。结果表明,前封头中部推进剂的溶胀比相对较大,可达35.741%,凝胶百分数和交联密度则相对较低,此处推进剂降解断裂较为严重;撞击感度结果显示,落高为25 cm时,前封头中部发火概率为28%,圆筒段内孔发火概率为12%;摩擦感度结果显示,压力值为1.5 MPa时,前封头中部发火概率为64%,圆筒段内孔发火概率为68%;常温和高温条件下,围压显著提高了推进剂的最大抗拉强度和最大伸长率,其增幅最高分别为140%和44.7%;而低温条件下,围压则降低了推进剂的最大伸长率,下降比例为25%。自然老化期间,推进剂发生化学反应和组分分解扩散,导致基体相和填充相结合处存在一定的微裂缝。The aging performance of a solid rocket motor stored naturally for 10 years was analyzed with samples taken from propellant grains at different parts of motor.The chemical properties were measured by chemical analysis and sensitivity method.In order to analyze the influence of ambient pressure and temperature on naturally stored propellants,constant speed tensile tests were used to study the mechanical properties under six conditions of various temperatures and pressures.Using the electron microscope scanning method and the energy spectrum analysis method,the internal component changes and microscopic phenomena in different parts of the propellant were studied and its aging characteristics were analyzed.It is shown that the swelling ratio of the propellant is relatively large,up to 35.741%,while the gel percentage and crosslink density are relatively low in the middle of the forward dome.Meanwhile,the degradation and fracture of the propellant are more severe here.The impact sensitivity results show that the probability of ignition at a drop height of 25 cm is 28%in the middle of the forward dome and decreases to 12%in the inner hole section of the cylinder.When the pressure value is 1.5 MPa,the ignition probability of the middle part of forward dome is 64%,and that of the inner hole of the cylinder section is 68%.At ambient pressure and high temperatures,the maximum tensile strength and maximum elongation of the propellant are significantly increased by 140%and 44.7%.However,the maximum elongation of the propellant was reduced by 25%from the confining pressure at low temperatures.During natural aging,the propellant undergoes chemical reactions and component decomposition and diffusion,resulting in generating a certain amount of microcracks at the interfaces of the matrix and the filled phases.

关 键 词：固体发动机 固体推进剂 药柱 自然贮存 老化 

分 类 号：V435[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]