醉蝶花主要成分提取及其对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌活性  

Extraction of main components from Cleome spinosa and its antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum

作　　者：张星哲[1,2] 孟祥海 王佰成[1] 时新瑞[1] 杨冰[1] 王文慧 张艳菊 Zhang Xingzhe;Meng Xianghai;Wang Baicheng;Shi Xinrui;Yang Bing;Wang Wenhui;Zhang Yanju(Mudanjiang Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang 157000,China;College of Plant Protection,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157000 [2]东北农业大学植物保护学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期120-130,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171792);2023年度省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2023-1-C006)。

摘　　要：[目的]确定醉蝶花活性物质最佳提取工艺并分析其主要成分,明确这些主要成分对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌活性与盆栽防效,以期为开发新的植物源农药,推动病虫害的绿色防控、农业的可持续发展提供参考依据。[方法]在单因素试验中,以提取物得率和抑菌率为指标,选取溶剂种类(无菌水以及甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、环己烷和丙酮)、乙醇浓度、萃取时间、料液比、萃取温度5个因素进行单因素试验。乙醇浓度选取20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%和80%,萃取时间选取1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8 h八个水平,料液比选取1∶3、1∶4、1∶5、1∶6、1∶7、1∶8和1∶9七个水平,萃取温度选取20、25、30、35、40、45和50℃七个水平。随后以单因素试验为基础,溶剂选择乙醇,根据萃取时间、温度、乙醇浓度进行正交试验设计。采用GC/MS分析醉蝶花活性物质主要成分,从中选取部分物质对黄瓜枯萎病菌进行处理。[结果]醉蝶花活性物质最佳提取工艺为萃取时间5 h、料液比1∶8、乙醇浓度60%和萃取温度30℃,在此条件下共分离出59种化合物,以牡丹酚含量最多;醉蝶花12种主要成分对黄瓜枯萎病菌的生长具有明显的抑制作用;芳樟醇、牡丹酚和茶香螺烷对黄瓜枯萎病菌的毒力回归方程分别为Y=12.3377+0.4726X(EC50值为0.1692 g·L^(-1))、Y=12.2580+0.5428X(EC_(50)值为0.2943 g·L^(-1))和Y=12.3779+0.4932X(EC_(50)值为0.1962 g·L^(-1));而茶香螺烷、芳樟醇和牡丹酚对黄瓜枯萎病的盆栽防效分别为68.2%、80.6%和75.7%。[结论]醉蝶花主要成分中的茶香螺烷、芳樟醇和牡丹酚可以有效地抑制黄瓜枯萎病菌,对黄瓜枯萎病有很好的防治作用。[Objective]The aim was to determine the optimal extraction process for the active substances in Cleome spinosa and analyze their main components,to clarify the antibacterial activity and potted plant control efficacy of these main components against Fusarium oxysporum,and to provide a reference for developing new plant-based pesticides,promoting green pest control,and supporting sustainable agricultural development.[Method]In a single-factor experiment,extraction yield and antibacterial rate were used as indicators to select five factors:solvent type(sterile water,methanol,ethanol,ethyl acetate,chloroform,cyclohexane,and acetone),ethanol concentration,extraction time,solid-liquid ratio,and extraction temperature.Ethanol concentrations were tested at seven levels:20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,and 80%.Extraction times were tested at eight levels:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 hours.Solid-liquid ratios were tested at seven levels:1∶3,1∶4,1∶5,1∶6,1∶7,1∶8,and 1∶9.Extraction temperatures were tested at seven levels:20,25,30,35,40,45,and 50 ℃.Based on the single factor experiments,ethanol was selected as the solvent,and an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction time,temperature,and ethanol concentration.GC/MS analysis was used to identify the main components of active substances in C.spinosa,and some of these substances were tested for their effects against F.oxysporum.[Result]The optimal extraction process for active substances from C.spinosa was found to be a five-hour extraction time,a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶8,60% ethanol concentration,and an extraction temperature of 30 ℃.Under these conditions,a total of 59 compounds were isolated,with paeonol being the most abundant.Twelve main components of C.spinosa showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of F.oxysporum.The toxicity regression equations of linalool,paeonol,and camellian against cucumber wilt pathogen were Y=12.337 7+0.472 6X(EC_(50) value of 0.169 2 g·L^(-1)),Y=12.258 0+0.542 8X(EC_(50) value of 0.294 3 g·L^(-1)),and Y=12.

关 键 词：醉蝶花 活性物质 提取工艺 成分分析 抑菌活性 盆栽防效 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学] S435.72