地铁车轮不圆度测试及评判方法研究  

Study on a Testing and Evaluating Method for Out-of-roundness of Wheels for Metro Vehicles

作　　者：刘家家 陈洪轩 沈钢 余道洪 陈钢 LIU Jiajia;CHEN Hongxuan;SHEN Gang;YU Daohong;CHEN Gang(CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210031,China;Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;CORTELCO(Shanghai)Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200081,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司,江苏南京210031 [2]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [3]上海科泰信息技术有限公司,上海200081

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2024年第5期179-185,共7页Rolling Stock

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司重点课题(N2022G043)。

摘　　要：地铁车辆的车轮失圆是一种常见的故障,主要表现为车轮圆周上不同位置的半径存在差异,其导致列车运行中出现异常振动,危害着列车运行的安全性、平顺性、舒适性。文章提出了一种基于钢轨振动加速度的车轮失圆在线检测方法,通过测量列车通过时的钢轨垂向振动加速度,并对振动信号进行分析处理,判断车轮是否存在失圆。测量硬件设备中,主要包含了实现振动信号测量的加速度传感器、用于车轮定位与计轴的磁钢传感器、用于识别列车编号的RFID,以及工控机、电源等装置,集成于机箱中。信号处理算法中,通过时域指标与VMD能量熵提取出9个可实现车轮健康状况区分的特征,并通过K-means聚类的方法,综合上述9个评价指标,实现了车轮是否存在失圆以及失圆严重程度的识别。文章通过Simulink仿真分析与在实际线路上安装设备进行测量,验证了上述检测方法的有效性。The wheel out-of-roundness(OOR)of metro vehicles is a common fault,which mainly shows that the radius of different positions on the wheel circumference is different,which leads to abnormal vibration in train operation,and endangers the safety,smoothness and comfort of train operation.In this paper,an online detection method of wheel OOR based on rail vibration acceleration is proposed.The vertical vibration acceleration of rail when the train passes is measured and the vibration signal is analyzed to determine whether the wheel is OOR.The measurement hardware equipment mainly includes the acceleration sensor for vibration signal measurement,the magnetic steel sensor for wheel positioning and axle counting,the RFID for identifying train numbers,and the industrial computer,power supply and other devices,which are integrated in the chassis.In the signal processing algorithm,9 features that can distinguish wheel health status are extracted by time domain index and VMD energy entropy,and the above 9 evaluation indicators are integrated by K-means clustering method to realize whether the wheel is OOR and identification of the degree of wheel OOR.In this paper,the validity of the above detection methods are verified by Simulink simulation analysis and the measurement of the equipment installed on the actual line.

关 键 词：地铁车辆 车轮失圆 信号分析 振动加速度 变分模态分解 聚类 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程]