生产分割的技能溢价效应——来自企业层面的经验证据  

The Skill Premium Effect of Production Segmentation:Empirical Evidence from Enterprise Level

作　　者：韩民春[1] 刘曈 Han Minchun;Liu Tong

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,湖北省武汉市430074

出　　处：《南方经济》2024年第10期132-150,共19页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“工业机器人替代与中国就业市场的失衡和再平衡问题研究”(17AJY007);江苏省社会科学基金项目“以服务业扩大开放提升江苏出口企业国际竞争力研究”(23EYC019)资助。

摘　　要：传统国际贸易要素分配理论难以解释中国劳动力收入差距随出口扩张不断扩大的事实。不同于现有文献基于产业间和产业内贸易视角的研究,文章尝试从产品内贸易分工视角诠释这一问题,发现以生产分割为特征的全球价值链分工模式对企业技能溢价具有重要影响,造成劳动力收入差距扩大。首先构建了理论模型,将生产分割和企业技能溢价纳入统一的理论分析框架,并基于中国微观企业数据,实证检验了生产分割对技能溢价的影响及作用机制。研究结论表明:第一,生产分割对企业技能溢价具有显著的正向提升作用;第二,机制检验表明,生产分割主要通过提高企业生产率,影响企业利润总额和提升企业出口产品质量,影响企业利润分配,来发挥技能溢价效应;第三,异质性检验表明,当企业为东部地区企业、资本或技术密集型企业和非国有企业时,生产分割对企业技能溢价的影响作用更为明显。文章的政策意蕴是中国在深度参与全球产品内贸易分工,发挥生产分割降本提质经济效益的同时,应重视其造成的工资差距和收入不平等,以兼顾效率和公平。The theory of international trade factor allocation is difficult to explain the fact that China's labor income gap continues to widen with the expansion of exports.Unlike existing literature that focuses on inter industry and intra industry trade perspectives,this article attempts to interpret this issue from the perspective of intra product trade division of labor.It is discovered that the GVC division of work distinguished by manufacturing segmentation has a significant impact on the skill wage premium of enterprises,leading to an widening labor income gap.Firstly,a theoretical model was constructed to incorporate production segmentation and skill wage premium into a unified theoretical analysis framework.Based on micro enterprise data in China,the impact and mechanism of production segmentation on skill premium were empirically tested.The research conclusion indicates that:firstly,production segmentation has a significant positive effect on the skill premium of enterprises;Secondly,the mechanism test shows that production segmentation mainly exerts the skill premium effect by increasing the productivity of enterprises and affecting the total profit of enterprises,as well as improving the quality of exported products and affecting the profit distribution of enterprises;Thirdly,heterogeneity testing indicates that the impact of production segmentation on skill wage premiums is more pronounced when the enterprise is non-state-owned,capital intensive,technology intensive,and in the eastern region.The meaning of this paper is that while China is deeply involved in the division of labor in global intra product trade and leveraging the economic benefits of production division to reduce costs and improve quality,it should also pay attention to the wage gap and income inequality it causes,in order to balance efficiency and fairness.Compared with existing research,the main marginal contribution of this article lies in:firstly,from the perspective of intra product trade division of labor,this article interprets the deter

关 键 词：生产分割 技能溢价 全要素生产率 地区制度环境 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易]