内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯施肥模式研究  

Fertilization Model Study of Potato in the North Foot of Yinshan Mountain,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：杜二小 赵沛义 韩云飞 高日平 张君 李焕春 DU Er-xiao;ZHAO Pei-yi;HAN Yun-fei(Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]辽宁农业职业技术学院,辽宁营口115007

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第20期118-122,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年基金项目“氮肥减量与替代下土壤水氮时空变化规律及对马铃薯水氮利用效率的影响”(2022QNJJN08)。

摘　　要：为了解内蒙古马铃薯主产区马铃薯施肥现状及其主要影响因素,2019年在内蒙古阴山北麓典型旗县对215户的1090.20 hm^(2)马铃薯施肥情况进行了调查。结果表明,该区域内单施化肥的农户占调查户数的63.8%,占调查面积的20.60%;有机无机肥料配合施用户数占20.9%,面积占53.9%。施肥模式主要受灌水条件和种植规模的影响,旱作区域有机肥施用量(实物干基量)以15.0~22.5 t/hm^(2)为主,化肥用量(纯养分合计量)集中在0~75 kg/hm^(2);灌溉农田的农户有机肥施用量以45~60 t/hm^(2)为主,化肥用量均大于750 kg/hm^(2)。氮磷钾的配比相差较大,旱地上N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=100.0∶82.20∶64.40(kg/hm^(2));灌溉条件下为N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=300.40∶265.20∶236.30(kg/hm^(2))。总体上,阴山北麓地区马铃薯施肥以单施化肥为主,有机肥和化肥配合施用的模式多样化,规范性较差,普遍存在有机肥施入不足、氮磷钾配比与马铃薯养分需求匹配度较差的问题,灌溉农田和种植大户还存在化肥施用量明显偏高的问题。In order to understand the current situation of potato fertilization and its main influencing factors in the main potato producing areas of Inner Mongolia,in 2019,a survey was conducted on the fertilization of 1090.2 hm^(2) potato in 215 households in a typical county at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain,Inner Mongolia.The results showed that the farmers who applied chemical fertilizer alone accounted for 63.8% of the surveyed households and 20.6% of the surveyed area.Organic inorganic fertilizer with the number of users accounted for 20.9%,the area accounted for 53.9%.Fertilization mode was mainly affected by irrigation conditions and planting scale.The application amount of organic fertilizer(physical dry base)was mainly 15.0-22.5 t/hm^(2) in dry farming area and small per capita planting area,and the amount of chemical fertilizer(total amount of pure nutrients)was concentrated in the range of 0-75 kg/hm^(2).The amount of organic fertilizer applied by farmers in irrigated farmland and large-scale operation was mainly 45-60 t/hm^(2),and the amount of chemical fertilizer was greater than 750 kg/hm^(2).The N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O ratio in dry land was 100.0∶82.2∶64.4(t/hm^(2)).Under irrigation condition,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O was 300.4∶265.2∶236.3(kg/hm^(2)).On the whole,the fertilization of potato in the northern foothills of Yinshan is dominated by single application of chemical fertilizer,and the mode of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is diversified and less normative.

关 键 词：马铃薯 施肥模式 内蒙古阴山北麓 

分 类 号：S505[农业科学—作物学]