基于“主位”视角的黄土台塬传统村落风土景观解析——以八景和歌谣民谚为线索  

Analysis of Vernacular Landscape of Traditional Village in Loess Platform from the Perspective of "Emics" : Taking Eight Scenes and Folk Proverbs as Clues

作　　者：林晓丹 常青[1,2] 郭建伟 LIN Xiaodan;CHANG Qing;GUO Jianwei

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [2]中国科学院 [3]西安建筑科技大学艺术学院,西安710055

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第9期70-76,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2024M752410);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项(2023HZ1774);陕西省社会科学基金年度项目(2022J046)。

摘　　要：选取黄土台塬的传统村落作为研究对象,借用景观人类学的理论范式,以田野调查中采集到的村落“八景”“八怪”和歌谣民谚等民间话语所提供的村民“主位”视角为线索,识别该地域风土景观的构成要素及要素之间的关联性,总结地方风土景观的表达模式,并揭示其背后的生成机理。研究结果表明,这些口头文学对地方性风土景观的表达主要存在4种模式:1)表达与特殊地貌相关的村落周边环境;2)表达与文化意向相关的村落轮廓特征;3)表达与当地旱涝频发的极端气候相关的村落骨架结构特征;4)表达与地方历史脉络和生产生活方式相关的关键节点特征。This paper analyzes the village "eight scenes" and local ballads together, and selects the traditional villages in the Loess Plateau as the main research object. Using the theoretical paradigm of landscape anthropology, this paper analyzes the local landscape characteristics constructed from the emic of villagers provided by the "eight scenes" and local ballads. From the research results, the "eight scenes" of villages are constructed from four different levels:the settlement and its surrounding environment, the overall shape of the settlement, the landmark landscape of the settlement, and the local social scene. It reflects the natural and cultural landscape system and ecological wisdom of traditional villages in the Loess Plateau to cope with the natural and geographical environment with ravines, the climatic pressure of drought and flood coexistence,the frequent outbreak of social unrest, and the Confucian cultural environment dominated by Confucianism in central Shaanxi.

关 键 词：风景园林 八景 歌谣 传统村落 黄土台塬 风土景观 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]