玉米秸秆原位堆肥发酵腐熟大田试验  

Field experimental of in-situ composting and fermentation of corn straw

作　　者：张涛 杨彦情 马绍智 陈凯 ZHANG Tao;YANG Yanqing;MA Shaozhi;CHEN Kai(Bijie Agricultural Ecological Environment and Resources Protection Station,Bijie 551700,China;Bijie Institute of High and New Technology,Bijie 551700,China;Bijie Seed Management Station,Bijie 551700,China;Comprehensive Service Center,Zaile Town,Nayong 553300,China)

机构地区：[1]毕节市农业生态环境与资源保护站,贵州毕节551700 [2]毕节市高新技术研究所,贵州毕节551700 [3]毕节市种子管理站,贵州毕节551700 [4]纳雍县寨乐镇农业农村综合服务中心,贵州纳雍553300

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第20期67-70,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：探索简单实用且易于推广的秸秆原位堆肥发酵还田技术。本研究以玉米秸秆为试验材料,对影响玉米秸秆发酵的温度、腐熟剂和水分进行试验,共设4个处理,包括处理1覆膜堆沤发酵,处理2覆膜堆沤发酵+腐熟剂,处理3覆膜堆沤发酵+腐熟剂+水,处理4直接堆沤发酵,每个处理重复3次,每隔1个月测定秸秆堆的温度、高度、重量和发酵程度,观察记录其颜色变化,并对试验技术特点与效益进行分析,综合评定得出玉米秸秆发酵的最佳条件。结果表明,秸秆堆的温度、重量和发酵程度由高到低依次为处理3>处理2>处理1>处理4;秸秆堆的高度由底到高依次为处理3<处理2<处理1<处理4;秸秆堆颜色深度依次为处理3>处理2>处理1>处理4。综合得出处理3秸秆发酵最好,同时使用薄膜、秸秆腐熟剂和保持湿度能使玉米秸秆最大程度腐熟,且在实际生产中能获得一定的经济效益。The simple,practical and easy to popularize straw composting and fermentation technology was explored.The corn straw was used as the test material to test the temperature,putrefier and moisture affecting the fermentation of corn straw.Four treatments were set up,included treatment 1 film retting fermentation,treatment 2 film retting fermentation+putrefactive agent,treatment 3 film retting fermentation+putrefactive agent+water,treatment 4 direct retting fermentation,and each treatment was repeated three times.The temperature,height,weight and fermentation degree of straw pile were measured every one month,and the color changes were observed and recorded.The optimum fermentation conditions of corn straw were obtained by comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the temperature,weight and fermentation degree of straw pile were in the order of treatment 3>treatment 2>treatment 1>treatment 4 from high to low.The height of the straw pile from low to high was treatment 3<treatment 2<treatment 1<treatment 4.The color depth of straw pile was in the order of treatment 3>treatment 2>treatment 1>treatment 4.It was concluded that the treatment 3 was the best for straw fermentation,using film,straw maturing agent and maintaining humidity at the same time,could make corn straw mature to the maximum extent and could obtain benefits certain economic in actual production.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 腐熟条件 发酵 堆肥 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]