明儒实学经世思想与晚清开埠通商  

The Impact of“Shixue Philosophy”on the Treaty Port Economy in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：董保民 程博文 刘世哲 DONG Baomin;CHENG Bowen;LIU Shizhe(School of Economics,Henan University;Center for Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development,Henan University)

机构地区：[1]河南大学经济学院、黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心 [2]河南大学经济学院,475001

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2024年第8期101-116,共16页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：教育部中华优秀传统文化专项课题(A类)重大项目(尼山世界儒学中心/中国孔子基金会课题基金项目):“早期儒家思想与国家治理体系和治理能力研究”(23JDTCZ004)的资助。

摘　　要：为探索早期中国现代化进程内部动力的历史根源,本文实证考察了明儒实学经世思想对晚清开埠通商的影响。研究发现:明代儒学分化出的实学经世思想是推动清末开埠通商的深层因素,该结论在控制了一系列的经济、地理变量以及经过各种稳健性检验后依然成立。为解决潜在的内生性问题,本文引入宋代事功主义作为明儒实学经世思想的工具变量,其结果与基准回归一致。本文的发现从一定程度上纠正了传统观点中过于强调西方冲击的片面性,突出了中国内部传统文化的重要性,为深入理解早期中国现代化历程提供了新的视角。The existing scholarly literature suggests that China's early modernization began during the late Qing dynasty,with many studies pointing to Western influence as the main driving force behind this trend.While some existing studies recognize that the treaty port economy,established through unequal treaties with the West,was not designed to benefit China,few have thoroughly explored the historical origins of China's internal impetus.Moreover,most existing studies use the treaty port as the deep root of contemporary economic development,ignoring the fact that if a locality was influenced by the Confucian Jingshi thought and/or already had prosperous commercial trade development or convenient transportation conditions prior to the establishment of the treaty port,it would be more likely to be chosen as a treaty port.In this paper,we explore the role of the rise of“Shixue philosophy”in the Ming Dynasty on the choices of treaty ports in the late Qing Dynasty.Specifically,we empirically examine the impact of the“Shixue philosophy”during the Ming period on the choices of treaty ports in the late Qing period,based on hand-collected statistics about“Shixue philosophers”of the Ming era from the Records of Ming Scholarship(Ming Ru Xuean)and the Collected Essays on Statecraft of Ming Dynasty(Huang Ming Jingshi Wenbian).The results show that the emergence and propagation of the“Shixue philosophy”during the middle and late Ming periods was a significant internal factor that promoted the opening of treaty ports in the late Qing Dynasty,which was attributed to the positive role played by the“Shixue philosophy”in promoting the development of the commerce,education,and acceptance of Western learning.This conclusion remains robust after controlling for a range of economic and geographical variables,as well as various robustness tests,including the placebo test,excluding the influence of local economic potential,excluding the interference of Buddhism and Taoism,substituting explanatory variables,and accounting for

关 键 词：开埠通商 明儒实学经世思想 计量史学 

分 类 号：F092.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F752.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B248B25