十六国胡族政权的指南车复原及其政治象征意义  

Restoration of the South-pointing Cart by Hu Monarchs of Sixteen Kingdoms and Their Political Symbolism

作　　者：尚永琪 洪寅欣 Shang Yongqi;Hong Yinxin(Faculty of Humanities and Media,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;College of Liberal Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学人文与传媒学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第9期150-159,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：作为传说中的帝王仪仗,指南车对于华夏王朝而言,不仅意味着精妙的制造技术,更意味着彰显正统和帝王权威的政治象征意义。指南车的传说可上溯至上古时期,而最早的指南车实物则为三国马钧所作。魏晋时期,指南车作为帝王出行仪仗,进入大驾卤簿之列,并为后世因循。指南车制造技术在东晋一度中断,而同时期的十六国胡族政权中,后赵、前燕、后秦、南燕等先后制造出指南车,不仅使这一技术得到继承和延续,更进一步强化了指南车的政治象征意义。十六国胡族政权对指南车的复原,反映了胡族政权对华夏传统政治观念和礼仪制度的继承,是十六国胡族政权华夏化过程的一个侧面体现。The south-pointing cart is a mechanical device that employes gears to indicate orientation.It is also an imperial guard in ancient China.In the traditional Chinese political concept,the south-pointing cart exists in two forms:the legend of the south-pointing cart and the physical object of the south-pointing cart.The legend of the south-pointing cart dates back to ancient times and is believed to have been originally built by the Huang Di or the Zhou Gong.According to the existing historical records,the actual form of the earliest south-pointing cart was made by Ma Jun during the Three Kingdoms period.Later during the Period of Wei-Jin,the south-pointing cart transformed from a practical object to a ceremonial object,and was therefore elevated to become a significant political symbol to strengthen the authority of the monarch and the legitimacy of the dynasty,and it also served as an imperial travel ritual guard of honor in the“Dajia Lubu”list,for future generations to follow.Moreover,it was in the Period of Wei-Jin that the concept of the south-pointing cart as a symbol of imperial power entered the conception of common people at that time.After the collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty,the south-pointing cart manufacturing technology of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was interrupted for a period of time.During the later historical periods including the Sixteen Kingdoms Period,Later Zhao,Former Yan,Later Qin,Southern Yan,this technology was inherited and further developed in Northern China,so as to strengthen the politically symbolic significance of the south-pointing cart.As a political symbol of imperial power,the south-pointing cart has certain particularity:it appeared relatively recently and was regarded as a symbol of the legitimacy of the Western Jin Dynasty.In addition,it had a high technical level and was easy to display,which made it excellent for declaring imperial authority and emphasizing political legitimacy.Therefore,the restoration of the south-pointing cart provided important physical evidence for th

关 键 词：指南车 十六国时期 帝王仪仗 华夏化 政治象征 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K238[政治法律—中外政治制度]