出土文献所见五脏与五行配属及五脏次序问题  

The Correspondence between Five Zang Organs and Five Phases and the Order of Five Zang Organs as Seen in Unearthed Literature

作　　者：顾漫[1] 周琦[1] 闫敏敏 GU Man;ZHOU Qi;YAN Minmin(Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing,100700;Postdoctoral Research Station,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所,北京市100700 [2]中国中医科学院博士后科研流动站

出　　处：《中医杂志》2024年第19期1957-1962,共6页Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第74批面上项目(2023M743918);中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所第17批自主选题项目(ZZ170503)。

摘　　要：五脏与五行的配属关系在今文与古文经学中有两种不同学说,这一现象关系到对中医基础理论发展史建构的理解与解释,是学术史上长期议而未决的重要问题。通过对《吕氏春秋》《月令》《淮南子》《史记·扁鹊仓公列传》《黄帝内经》等传世文献,以及清华大学藏战国竹简《汤在啻门》、马王堆汉墓出土的《胎产书》、成都老官山汉墓出土的《天回医简》等相关内容进行梳理和分析,发现今文五行的五脏配属是古代医家在对五脏生理、病理客观认识的基础上提出的新说,是中医学对于中华传统文化的独特贡献。四川成都天回镇老官山汉墓出土的髹漆经脉人像背上刻有“心、肺、肝、胃、肾”铭文,所指为五脏之背俞穴,其排序依照的是“火-金-木-土-水”五行相胜的顺序,这一次序同样见于与经脉人像同墓出土的《天回医简》中,并在今本《黄帝内经》的许多篇章中得以保留。认为这是早期医经中“心为五脏之首”思想的体现,可以此为据判断今本《黄帝内经》相关篇章成书年代先后的问题。The correspondence between the five zang organs and the five phases exhibited variations in the previous and the current literature,which is related to the understanding and interpretation of the historical construction of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine,and is an important issue that has been debated for a long time in the history of academia but has not been resolved.Through combing and analyzing the relevant literature handed down during the pre-Qin and Han dynasties,which includes Master LYU's Spring and Autumn Annals(《吕氏春秋》),The Book of Rites:Monthly Ordinances(《月令》),Huainanzi(《淮南子》),Records of the Grand Historian:Biography of BIAN Que and CANG Gong(《史记·扁鹊仓公列传》),The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor(《黄帝内经》),as well as excavated literature like the Warring States bamboo slips Tang Zai Chi Men(《汤在啻门》)collected by Tsinghua University,Taichan Shu(《胎产书》)unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs,Tianhui Medical Manuscripts(《天回医简》)unearthed from the Han Dynasty Tombs of Lao Guan Mountain,Chengdu,this paper finds that the current five phases are newly proposed by previous medical practitioners on the basis of the objective understanding of the physiology and pathology of the five zang organs,which is a unique contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the traditional Chinese culture.The lacquered acupuncture figurine unearthed from the Han Dynasty Tombs of Lao Guan Mountain,Tianhui Town,Chengdu,Sichuan Province,is engraved on its back with the inscriptions of"heart,lungs,liver,stomach,and kidneys",which refer to the back-Shu points of the five zang organs,and the order follows the sequence of“fire-metal-wood-earth-water”,which is the order of the five phases being restricted.It is believed that this is a reflection of the idea of“heart is the head of the five organs”in the early medical scriptures,which can be used as a basis for judging the chronological order of the relevant chapters of

关 键 词：五行 五脏 出土文献 五脏次序 

分 类 号：R226[医药卫生—中医基础理论]