马克思对资本主义悖论性贫困的三重批判与超越  

Marx's Triple Critique and Transcendence of Capitalist Paradoxical Poverty

作　　者：任毅 郝永平[2] REN Yi;HAO Yongping

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学马克思主义学院 [2]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学》2024年第5期102-110,F0003,共10页Marxist Philosophy

基　　金：内蒙古自治区哲学社会科学规划办青年项目“内蒙古巩固拓展脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的政策和路径研究”(项目编号:2021NDC088)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思将无产阶级的反贫困事业作为人类解放的历史过程。马克思透过政治经济学批判的棱镜,揭露了国民经济学将贫困现象合法性的理论假象,透视了资本主义社会的悖论性贫困,使资本主义社会的贫困面孔折射出多维表征:绝对贫困和相对贫困、物质贫困和精神贫困、地域贫困和世界贫困。沿着政治经济学批判的致思逻辑,马克思对资本主义悖论性贫困展开批判。劳动批判是资本主义论性贫困的前提批判,揭示了“劳动和所有”的分离是绝对贫困和相对贫困的始在根源;分工批判是资本主义悖论性贫困的制度批判,揭露了雇佣劳动是物质贫困和精神贫困的制度性根源;资本批判是资本主义悸论性贫困的方法批判,揭露了资本逻辑从地域贫困向世界贫困扩展的动态过程。由此,马克思从劳动解放、扬弃分工、驾驭资本探寻出一条扬弃资本主义悖论性贫困的现实路径。Marx considered anti-poverty causes of the proletariat as the historical process of human emancipation.Through the prism of the critique of political economy,Marx revealed the theoretical illusion of the legitimacy of the poverty phenomenon in National Economics,looked into the paradoxical poverty in capitalist society,and made the face of poverty reflect multidimensional representations:absolute poverty and relative poverty,material poverty and spiritual poverty,regional poverty and world poverty.Along with the thought-provoking logic of the critique of political economy,Marx launches a critique of the paradoxical poverty of capitalism.The critique of labor is the premise critique of the paradoxical poverty of capitalism,which revealed that the separation of"labor and ownership"is the original root of absolute poverty and relative poverty;the critique of the division of labor is the institutional critique of the paradoxical poverty of capitalism,exposing wage labor as the institutional root cause of material poverty and spiritual poverty.The critique of capital is the methodological critique of the paradoxical poverty of capitalism,revealing that wage labor is the institutional root cause of material and spiritual poverty.The critique of capital is the methodological critique of capitalism,revealing that wage labor is the institutional root cause of material poverty and spiritual poverty.The critique of capital is a methodological critique of the paradoxical poverty of capitalism,exposing the dynamic process of the expansion of the logic of capital from regional poverty to world poverty.As a result,Marx explored a realistic path to abandon the paradoxical poverty of capitalism from the emancipation of labor,abandonment of division of labor,and controlling capital.

关 键 词：悖论性贫困 雇佣劳动 自觉分工 资本逻辑 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]