扬尘寿命试验中某小口径步枪的特性参数变化  

Changes in the Characteristic Parameters of a Small-caliber Rifle in Fugitive Dust Life Test

作　　者：周昊[1] 顾桐光 苑大威 刘科言 李朋超 贾陆阳 王永娟[1] ZHOU Hao;GU Tongguang;YUAN Dawei;LIU Keyan;LI Pengchao;JIA Luyang;WANG Yongjuan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries,Beijing 102202,China;Chongqing Construction Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 404100,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]中国兵器工业第208研究所,北京102202 [3]重庆建设工业(集团)有限责任公司,重庆404100

出　　处：《兵工学报》2024年第10期3732-3743,共12页Acta Armamentarii

摘　　要：扬尘环境对枪械的性能与可靠性有着重要影响,依照扬尘试验标准开展全枪寿命试验,得到枪械特性参数的变化规律并分析原因。利用高速摄影与光幕靶记录枪械初速、射频、特征点速度的变化情况,分析解释参数变化对步枪性能退化的影响。将试验用枪设置为对照组,分析枪支的保养对枪械性能的维持效果。试验结果表明:在扬尘环境下弹簧的预压力、自由长度随射弹量增加呈下降趋势,但刚度并没有明显变化,同时弹簧性能退化幅度活塞簧>复进簧>击锤簧;步枪随着射弹量增加会出现明显的挂铜现象,导致导气室的结构参数发生变化;对摩擦副的磨损会导致构件之间的运动间隙增大,但涂油保养会减缓这一退化。基于全枪寿命试验,为阐明扬尘环境下自动机运动特性和故障的影响机理提供了试验验证,对研究小口径步枪性能变化规律提供了数据支撑。The fugitive dust environment has an important impact on the performance and reliability of firearms,and the whole gun life test is carried out to obtain the change law of firearm characteristic parameters and analyze the causes according to the fugitive dust emission test standards specified.The high-speed photography and light curtain target are used to record the changes of the initial speed,firing rate,and characteristic point speed of firearm,and analyse and explain the influence of the parameter changes on the performance degradation of rifle.The test rifle is set as a control group to analyse the maintenance effect of rifle on the maintenance of firearm performance.The test results show that the pre-pressure and free length of the spring in the fugitive dust environment show a decreasing trend with the increase in the amount of projectiles,but the stiffness of spring does not change significantly,and at the same time,the performance degradation magnitude of the piston spring is greater than that of the recoil spring,which in turn is greater than that of the hammer spring.The rifle has an obvious phenomenon of hanging copper with the increase in the amount of projectile,which leads to the change inthe structural parameter of guide chamber.The wear of friction pair leads to an increase in the motion gap between the components,but oiling slows down this degradation.Based on the full-gun life test,the experimental validation is provided for clarifying the influence mechanism of motion characteristics and failure of automatic mechanismin the fugitive dust environment,and the data support is provided for researching the change rule of small-calibre rifleperformance.

关 键 词：步枪 扬尘环境 性能退化 自动机运动特性 枪械可靠性 

分 类 号：TJ22[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]