三种电动势法求解难溶盐溶度积的对比  

Comparison of Three Electromotive Force Methods for Solving the Solubility Product of Insoluble Salts

作　　者：屈军艳 白燕 罗肖雪 黎瑞珍 韩海军 QU Junyan;BAI Yan;LUO Xiaoxue;LI Ruizhen;HAN Haijun(School of Science,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya Hainan 572022,China;School of Food Science and Engineering,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya Hainan 572022,China)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院理学院,海南三亚572022 [2]海南热带海洋学院食品科学与工程学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《海南热带海洋学院学报》2024年第5期144-148,共5页Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University

基　　金：海南省高等学校教育教学改革研究项目(Hnjg2022-88,Hnjg2022ZD-38)。

摘　　要：溶度积(■)的大小反映了难溶电解质的溶解能力,在判断沉淀的生成、溶解、转化等化学过程中有广泛的应用。介绍了3种求解难溶盐AgCl(s)溶度积■的电动势法:电池平衡法、本质电极反应相同法以及标准电极电势定义法。通过求解公式的推导,对比了这3种方法在求解难溶盐溶度积时所需的原理、教学难易、拓展难易等方面的差异,给出了教材安排此部分内容的合理建议:电池平衡法更适合初学者,教材应首先安排电池平衡法及其例题讲解;在此基础上,可适当介绍电极电势法,尤其是本质电极反应相同法及其例题解析。3种方法的对比结果为方便学生对此部分内容的学习提供重要参考,尤其有利于提高和扩展应用型本科院校化学相关专业学生的知识层次。The magnitude of solubility product(■)reflects the solubility of insoluble electrolytes,which has a wide range of applications in determining chemical processes such as precipitation generation,dissolution,and transformation.Three electromotive force methods were introduced to solve the solubility product of the insoluble salts AgCl(s):the bat‐tery balance method,intrinsic electrode reaction identical method,and standard electrode potential definition method.Through the derivation of the solving formula,after the differences between the three methods for solving the solubility product of in‐soluble salts were compared in terms of the principle required,the levels of teaching difficulty,and the levels of expansion difficulty,a reasonable suggestion for arranging the teaching content of this part was put forward:as the battery balance method is more suitable for the beginners,the textbook should firstly arrange the battery balance method and its examples to explain;on this basis,the electrode potential method,especially the content and related examples of the intrinsic electrode re‐action identical method,can be introduced appropriately.The results of the comparison of the three methods provide an impor‐tant reference to facilitate students’learning of this part,which is beneficial to improving and expanding the knowledge level of chemistr‐related majors,especially students in application‐oriented undergraduate colleges.

关 键 词：电动势法 溶度积 能斯特方程 物理化学 教材安排 

分 类 号：O646.22[理学—物理化学] O611.6[理学—化学] G642.1[文化科学—高等教育学]