镍基单晶高温合金近服役环境性能研究进展  

Research Progress on the Service Environmental Performance of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloys

作　　者：刘静[1,2] 王莉[1] 于明涵[1,2] 闵师领 李佳声 董加胜 楼琅洪[1] LIU Jing;WANG Li;YU Minghan;MIN Shiling;LI Jiasheng;DONG Jiasheng;LOU Langhong(Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第10期891-901,共11页Materials China

基　　金：航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心项目(P2021-AB-IV-001-002);中国科学院C类先导专项(XDC0160000)。

摘　　要：航空发动机与燃气轮机作为国之重器,对保障国防安全和能源安全具有重要意义。随着发动机效率的不断提升,涡轮进气口温度不断提高。先进叶片往往采用高代次单晶高温合金材料制备,具有薄壁、多孔复杂冷却结构,且表面涂覆先进涂层,因而先进单晶叶片结构越来越精细复杂,服役过程中叶片不同部位温度场、应力场分布变化更大,其损伤机制无法通过传统棒状试样的变形损伤机制完全体现。基于先进单晶叶片的结构特点及服役环境特点,综述了叶片结构(薄壁、气膜孔)、二次枝晶取向(二次取向)及先进涂层等单一因素及多因素耦合作用对单晶合金拉伸、蠕变及疲劳等典型性能的影响规律及损伤机理研究,并对镍基单晶高温合金近服役环境性能研究的发展方向进行展望。Aero-engines and gas turbines are of great significance for ensuring national defense security and national energy security.With the improvement of engine efficiency,the turbine inlet temperature increases continuously.High-generation single crystal superalloys have been used for manufacturing of advanced blades.The blades always possess complex cooling structures with thin wall and cooling holes,and usually possess advanced coatings.Therefore,the temperature gradient and stress gradient in the different parts of the blades would be higher.The damage mechanisms of the traditional rod samples may not fully represent the failure of the blades.Based on the complex structure and severe service environment,the effects of single factor or coupled factors,such as structure(thin-wall,film cooling holes),secondary dendrite orientation(secondary orientation),and advanced coatings on the typical properties of single crystal superalloys were reviewed in the present paper.Further,the invastigation directions of the performance of nickel-based single crystal superalloys in the typical service environments were prospected.

关 键 词：镍基单晶高温合金 薄壁 二次取向 气膜孔 涂层 

分 类 号：TG132.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]