国内外化学物质环境暴露评估策略对比及启示  

Comparison and Enlightenment of Environmental Exposure Assessment Strategies of Chemical Substances

作　　者：周林军 邢维龙 张冰 王蕾 范德玲 石利利 Zhou Linjun;Xing Weilong;Zhang Bing;Wang Lei;Fan Deling;Shi Lili(Nanjing Polytechnic Institute,Nanjing 210044,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]南京科技职业学院,南京210044 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2024年第5期27-39,共13页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：南京科技职业学院2022年科研北斗计划(2.0版)(人才类)项目(NJPI-RC-2022-03);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1801504,2018YFC1801601)。

摘　　要：风险评估是化学物质环境管理的重要基础,而环境暴露评估是风险评估的重要内容。综述了美国、欧盟、加拿大、日本、中国及OECD的化学物质环境暴露评估方法与策略,从暴露场景、生命周期阶段、排放评估、环境浓度确定和评估层级、不确定性分析、累积风险评估、特殊物质评估等方面进行了分析,提出中国在环境暴露评估领域需要发展完善的方面,包括:规范区域暴露评估要求、开发多层级环境暴露模型和不确定性评估模型、建立累积性风险评估技术方法以及金属化合物的暴露评估技术方法,以进一步完善新污染物治理“筛、评、控”技术体系。Risk assessment is an important foundation for the environmental management of chemical substances,and environmental exposure assessment is an important concept in risk assessment.This article reviews the method systems and strategies for environmental exposure assessment of chemicals established in the United States,the European Union,Japan,Canada,China and OECD.This review covers the aspects such as the exposure scenarios,life cycle stages,emission assessment,environmental exposure estimation,assessment level,uncertainty analysis,cumulative risk assessment,and exposure assessment of special substances.Finally,in order to further improve the“screen,assess,control”technical system for the management of new pollutants in China,the areas that China needs to develop and improve in the field of environmental exposure assessment were proposed,including clarifying regional exposure assessment requirements,developing multi-level environmental exposure models and uncertainty assessment models,establishing cumulative risk assessment technology and methods,as well as exposure assessment technology and methods for metal compounds.

关 键 词：化学物质 源排放 环境暴露 风险评估 新污染物 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]