细菌外囊泡介导抗生素抗性基因水平转移的研究进展  

Advance on Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Mediating Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

作　　者：王绍宇 李香会 胥娇娇 温馨 吴银宝[1,2,3] Wang Shaoyu;Li Xianghui;Xu Jiaojiao;Wen Xin;Wu Yinbao(Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [2]猪禽种业全国重点实验室,广州510642 [3]广东省农业动物基因组学与分子育种重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2024年第5期97-111,共15页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2023A1515110839);广东省重点领域研发计划课题(2023B0202060001);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20240507)。

摘　　要：胞外囊泡是参与细胞间的物质传递和信息交流的重要媒介。近年来,细菌通过分泌外囊泡装载新型环境污染物抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)在细菌间发生基因水平转移已被确认为ARGs水平转移的一种新途径。本文介绍了细菌外囊泡的概念、来源和功能,明确了细菌外囊泡在细胞通信和生物过程调控中的重要作用,说明细菌外囊泡介导ARGs水平转移的机制,明确细菌外囊泡在抗生素抗性基因传播中的关键作用。重点探讨了细菌外囊泡介导ARGs传播的影响因素及对生态环境的危害。本文以囊泡融合传播ARGs的新途径为切入点,综述了细菌外囊泡介导的ARGs在环境中发生水平转移的特征与机制,进一步完善了ARGs在环境中的分布和传播特征,对更深入地开发针对抗生素耐药性的阻控和削减技术具有重要意义。Extracellular vesicles are important mediators involved in material transfer and information exchange between cells.In recent years,horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),as emerging environmental pollutants,occurs when bacteria load ARGs by secreting extracellular vesicles,which has been identified as a novel pathway for horizontal transfer of ARGs.Here,the aim of the paper is to introduce the concept,source and function of bacterial extracellular vesicles,to clarify the important role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in cellular communication and biological processes regulation,to illustrate how bacterial extracellular vesicles mediate the horizontal transfer of ARGs,and to identify the key role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in the transmission of ARGs.The paper highlights the influencing factors and the ecological hazards of ARGs transmission via bacterial extracellular vesicles.In this paper,taking the new pathway of ARGs transmission by vesicle fusion as an entry point,we review the characteristics and mechanisms of horizontal transfer of ARGs mediated by bacterial extracellular vesicles in the environment,and further refine the distribution and transmission of ARGs in the environment.The paper is of great significance for the further development of the prevention and reduction technologies against ARGs.

关 键 词：细菌外囊泡 抗生素抗性基因 水平转移 细胞通信 生态风险 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]