毒死蜱水生生物毒性效应研究进展  

Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Aquatic Organisms

作　　者：张玉龙 屈佩 徐可东 初永忠 孙畅 宫于琛 霍明宇 王宗灵 张学雷 庞敏 Zhang Yulong;Qu Pei;Xu Kedong;Chu Yongzhong;Sun Chang;Gong Yuchen;Huo Mingyu;Wang Zongling;Zhang Xuelei;Pang Min(Marine Ecological Research Center,First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources of China,Qingdao 266061,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;Qingdao Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Qingdao 266003,China;Changdao National Marine Park Management Center,Yantai 265899,China;The Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋生态研究中心,青岛266061 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266237 [3]青岛市生态环境监控中心,青岛266003 [4]长岛国家海洋公园管理中心,烟台265899 [5]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2024年第5期135-150,共16页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203902);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2022MD027,ZR2021MD014)。

摘　　要：毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos,CPF)是一种广谱高效的有机磷杀虫剂,在全球范围内被用来治理农业和家庭卫生虫害,CPF的广泛应用对水环境的影响及其对水生生物和人类的潜在生态威胁不容忽视。与重金属、微塑料和持久性有机污染物相比,对水生生态系统CPF的研究和评价很少,目前的研究主要集中在CPF的急性和慢性毒性。急性毒性方面,CPF能抑制微藻生长,对无脊椎动物尤其是甲壳类动物具有致命作用。此外,CPF还会抑制鱼类和两栖动物的孵化率,诱发胚胎畸形,并导致成虫心率、代谢等生命活动异常。在慢性毒性方面,CPF在水生食物链中的转移特征尚不清楚。然而,水中痕量CPF可被水生生物积累并有可能通过食物链向高营养级传递,对高营养级生物以及人类健康产生潜在威胁。本文综述了CPF对淡水和海洋生态系统中水生生物的毒性作用及其可能的作用机制,并进一步讨论了CPF在水生生态系统中研究的瓶颈和未来前景。本综述旨在为今后在全球变化的环境下深入研究有机磷农药的毒性提供参考,并为优化水生环境中CPF污染物的防治策略提供理论支撑。Chlorpyrifos(CPF),a broad-spectrum and efficient organophosphorus insecticide,is used globally to protect crops and human health against pests.The implications of the extensive application of CPF to the aquatic environment and its potential ecological threat to aquatic organisms and human beings should not be ignored.Compared with the research and assessment on heavy metals,microplastics and persistent organic pollutants,little has been done on CPF in aquatic ecosystems.Present studies focused on both acute and chronic toxicity of CPF.In short-term,CPF can inhibit the growth of microalgae and have a lethal effect on invertebrates,especially crustaceans.Additionally,exposure to CPF can inhibit the hatching rate,induce embryo deformities in fish and amphibians,and cause abnormal performances in adults’heart rate,metabolism,and other life activities as well.In terms of chronic toxicity,the transfer characteristics of CPF along the aquatic food chain are still unclear.Whereas,trace amounts of CPF in water can be bioaccumulated by the aquatic organisms and transferred to higher trophic levels through the food chain,threatening the food safety of high trophic organisms and human health.This paper reviews the literature on the toxic effects of CPF in freshwater and marine ecosystems,summarizes the toxicity and possible mechanisms of CPF on various organisms,and further discusses the bottlenecks and future prospects of CPF research in aquatic ecosystems.This review is to provide a reference for the future in-depth study on the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides under this globally changing environment,and to facilitate optimizing the prevention and control strategy of CPF pollutants in the aquatic environment.

关 键 词：毒死蜱 水生生物 毒性效应 有机磷杀虫剂 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]