叶面喷施氨基酸和钾肥对安吉白茶产量与品质的影响  

Effects of foliar spraying with amino acid and potassium fertilizers on the yield and quality of Anji white tea

作　　者：罗凌迅 左婷 程维 朱永聪 倪玥敏 冷明珠 倪吾钟[1] LUO Lingxun;ZUO Ting;CHENG Wei;ZHU Yongcong;NI Yuemin;LENG Mingzhu;NI Wuzhong(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment,College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Agriculture and Rural Grain Bureau of Yingtan City in Jiangxi Province,Yingtan 335000,Jiangxi,China;Agricultural Experiment Station,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anji County,Huzhou 313300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室,浙江杭州310058 [2]江西省鹰潭市农业农村粮食局,江西鹰潭335000 [3]浙江大学农业试验站,浙江杭州310058 [4]安吉县农业农村局,浙江湖州313300

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第5期724-736,826,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设专项(浙江省安吉县)(NG/LS2020-71-05)。

摘　　要：早春冷害是影响春茶生产的主要危害因子之一,通过叶面施肥提高茶树的耐寒性和早期鲜叶产量具有广泛的实际意义。本文通过田间试验研究了叶面喷施氨基酸(AA1、AA2)、钾元素(K1、K2)和两者的混合液(AA-K1、AA-K2)对安吉白茶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与喷施清水(CK处理)相比,叶面喷施氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)显著提高了安吉白茶早期鲜叶产量和总产量(P<0.05)。对叶绿体超微结构观察发现,AA-K1处理的叶片在复绿期淀粉粒明显增大。K1、K2处理能明显增加安吉白茶白化前期和复绿期叶片总叶绿素含量,K2处理能明显增加安吉白茶白化前期、白化期、复绿期叶片类胡萝卜素含量。K2、AA-K1处理的可溶性糖含量差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。与CK处理相比,氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)能提高幼叶氨基酸总量,儿茶素含量也显著提高,但咖啡碱含量差异不显著。综上所述,叶面喷施氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)提高了安吉白茶早期鲜叶产量且改善幼叶品质的效果明显,对含氨基酸大量元素水溶肥料的研制具有实际参考价值。Cold injury in early spring is one of the main harmful factors affecting the production of spring tea.It is of practical significance to improve the cold resistance and early fresh leaf yield of tea plants by foliar fertilization.In this work,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of foliar spraying with amino acids(AA1,AA2),potassium(K1,K2)and their mixed solution(AA-K1,AA-K2)on the yield and quality of Anji white tea.The results showed that compared with spraying water(CK treatment),foliar spraying with the mixed solution of amino acids and potassium(AA-K1 and AA-K2 treatments)significantly increased the early fresh leaf yield and total yield of Anji white tea(P<0.05).By observing the ultrastructures of chloroplasts,it was found that the starch granule size in leaves treated with AA-K1 enlarged significantly during the regreening period.The K1 and K2 treatments obviously increased the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of Anji white tea during the pre-albino period and the regreening period,whereas the K2 treatment obviously increased the carotenoid content in the leaves during the pre-albino period,the albino period and the regreening period.The soluble sugar contents of the K2 and AA-K1 treatments were not significantly different,but both were significantly higher than those of the other treatments(P<0.05).Compared with the CK treatment,the mixed solution of amino acids and potassium(AA-K1 and AA-K2 treatments)increased the total amount of amino acids in the young leaves and significantly increased the catechin content,but the caffeine content was not significantly different.In summary,foliar spraying with the mixed solution of amino acids and potassium(AA-K1 and AA-K2 treatments)can clearly improve the yield of early fresh leaves and improve the young leaf quality of Anji white tea,which has practical reference values for the development of water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and amino acids.

关 键 词：安吉白茶 氨基酸 大量元素水溶肥料 钾 叶面肥 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S571.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]