利用多源遥感影像识别准西地区达拉布特蛇绿岩带北部岩性异常带  

Discovery of Lithological Anomaly Belt in the Western Region of Junggar Basin Using Multi-source Remote Sensing Images

作　　者：周子勇[1] ZHOU Ziyong(College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum-Beijing;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2024年第4期961-970,共10页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

摘　　要：地表岩性准确识别与分类是矿产普查的基础。新疆地区矿产丰富,勘探潜力大。由于幅员辽阔,人口稀少,地面岩性调查存在困难,利用遥感影像提取岩性信息便成为了一种重要的方法。而且该地区地表植被覆盖少,利用遥感影像进行地表岩性识别容易取得好的效果。同时,越来越多的开源遥感数据也为遥感岩性信息提取提供了丰富的数据源,而如何综合运用这些开源遥感数据进行岩性识别,还有很多问题有待于进一步研究。以新疆准噶尔盆地西部为研究区,获取了不同时相的Landsat-8 OLI、Sentinel-2 MSI、ASTER数据。首先选取不同影像波段比值、主成分等变量进行彩色合成,突显出特定的岩性。在此基础上,结合地质图,从已知的达拉布特蛇绿岩带获取训练样本,采用SVM、最大似然法以及随机森林方法对Landsat-8 OLI、Sentinel-2 MSI影像进行分类。两种方法结果均表明在准噶尔盆地西部达拉布特蛇绿岩带的北部存在一岩性异常带,其遥感影像特征与达拉布特蛇绿岩带遥感影像特征相似。异常带沿北东—南西方向延伸,长度超过20 km,最宽处约1 km。但是,有关该异常带的岩性特征,目前存在不同的认识,最终结果还需要通过野外工作进一步验证。Accurate identification and classification of lithology are the basis of mineral exploration.Xinjiang re⁃gion is rich in minerals with great exploration potential.Due to its vast territory and sparse population,conduct⁃ing field surveys of lithology is challenging,thus using remote sensing images to extract lithological information has become an important method.Furthermore,the region has minimal surface vegetation coverage,making it easier to identify rock types using remote sensing images effectively.Additionally,the increasing availability of open-source remote sensing data provides a rich data source for extracting lithological information.However,there are still many issues that need further research on how to comprehensively utilize these open-source re⁃mote sensing data for lithological identification.This study focuses on the western part of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang,and Landsat 8 OLI,Sentinel-2 MSI,and ASTER data of different temporal phase are obtained.Firstly,various image band ratios,principal components,and other variables are extracted and selected for col⁃or composition to highlight different rock types.Subsequently,based on geological map,training samples are obtained from the known Darbut ophiolite belt.Then,SVM,maximum likelihood,and random forest methods are used to classify the Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI images.Results of both methods indicate the pres⁃ence of lithological anomaly belt in the northern part of the Darbut ophiolite belt in the western Junggar Basin,with remote sensing image characteristics similar to those of the Darbut ophiolite belt.The anomaly belt extends in a northeast-southwest direction for over 20 km,with a maximum width of approximately 1 km.However,there exist different opinions on the lithological characteristics of this anomaly belt,and further verification through field survey is needed to confirm the final results.

关 键 词：遥感 特征提取 分类 岩性异常带 

分 类 号：P627[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]