视觉注意对决策的影响及其作用机制  

The impact of visual attention on decision-making and its mechanisms

作　　者：张湘一[1] 吴一琳 ZHANG Xiangyi;WU Yilin(Department of Psychology,School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院心理学系,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第11期1829-1843,共15页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：科技创新2030-“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目:注意的神经环路机制研究(2021ZD0203800)资助。

摘　　要：视觉注意作为一种信息选择和认知资源分配机制,不仅是信息加工和认知功能的基础,也是完成各种社会行为的重要条件。大量研究证实视觉注意影响了个体的决策偏好。本文在全面回顾以往研究的基础上,从知觉决策、偏好决策和其他社会决策三个方面梳理了视觉注意对决策的影响;并且,总结了简单暴露效应(mere exposure effect)、注视层叠假说(gaze cascade hypothesis)、序列抽样模型(sequential sampling model)和自适应注意表征模型(adaptive attention representation model)对视觉注意影响三种决策作用机制的解释。未来研究可以考虑设置具有不同偏好程度的选项、决策情境或视觉环境的调节因素、其他类型的注意在决策中的作用以深化关于视觉注意对决策的影响及其作用机制问题的理解。Visual attention,which is a mechanism of information selection and cognitive resource allocation,is not only the basis of information processing and cognitive functions,but also an important condition for accomplishing various social behaviors.Numerous studies have confirmed that visual attention affects individual decision-making preferences.On the basis of a comprehensive review of previous studies,this article sorts out the effects of visual attention on perceptual decision-making,preferential decision-making and other social decision-making.Moreover,it first summarizes and discusses four hypotheses:the mere exposure effect,the gaze cascade hypothesis,the sequential sampling model,and the adaptive attention representation model.Based on this,this article has explained the role of visual attention in these three kinds of decision-making.Finally,four prospects are proposed:future studies should(a)consider setting options with different degrees of preference differences,(b)examine moderating factors in decision-making situations or visual environments,(c)consider the roles of other forms of attention in decision-making,and(d)explore the mechanisms of the sequential sampling model further in order to deepen the understanding of the effects of visual attention on decision-making and its mechanisms.

关 键 词：视觉注意 知觉决策 偏好决策 社会决策 漂移扩散模型 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]