记忆快速巩固:基于图式的学习与重复再激活  

Rapid memory consolidation:Schema-based learning and repeated reactivation

作　　者：周帆 田昊月 姜英杰 ZHOU Fan;TIAN Haoyue;JIANG Yingjie(School of Educational Science,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang 110034,China;School of Psychology,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;Jilin Provincial Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Brain Science,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学教育科学学院,沈阳110034 [2]东北师范大学心理学院,长春130024 [3]认知与脑科学吉林省高校重点实验室,长春130024

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第11期1854-1871,共18页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271095);吉林省自然科学基金面上项目(20230101149JC)资助。

摘　　要：记忆巩固通常被认为是一个缓慢的过程,需要数年甚至更长时间。然而,新的研究显示,当新信息与已有图式一致或采用特定编码方式时,记忆能够迅速巩固。此外,睡眠和提取对记忆的促进也被认为与记忆的快速巩固有关。这些现象揭示了记忆快速巩固两种可能的途径:基于图式的学习和记忆重复再激活。在未来的研究中,可以进一步探索海马在皮层学习中的作用,干扰抑制对记忆巩固的意义,以及在理解记忆快速巩固两面性的基础上,从适应环境的视角来考察记忆巩固的快与慢。Memory consolidation has traditionally been perceived as a slow process,extending over years,even decades.However,new research indicates that memory can consolidate rapidly when new information is consistent with existing schemas or employs specific encoding methods.Moreover,the influence of sleep and retrieval on memory is believed to be linked to rapid consolidation.This paper reviews studies on rapid memory consolidation and summarizes two potential mechanisms driving this swift process:schema-based learning and repeated reactivation.Future investigations could delve into the role of hippocampus in cortical learning,the significance of interference suppression in memory consolidation,and,by adopting an adaptive perspective on the interplay between fast and slow memory consolidation processes,unravel the nature of rapid memory consolidation as a double-edged sword.

关 键 词：记忆巩固 海马 图式 再激活 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]