论“信任”的第三性--测量中的问题  

作　　者：刘军[1] 郭佳茵 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院

出　　处：《社会研究方法评论》2024年第1期164-188,共25页Social Research Methods Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目(FSHA001)成果。

摘　　要：量化研究将测量视为对被测“物”的揭示,预设了“语言和实在”(能指与所指)之间的二元关系,也蕴含着“还原论”思维。本文借鉴皮尔士的三元符号观,以信任为例,分析第一性、第二性、第三性概念,认为中文语境下的信任具有“第三性”,不能被还原为“第二性”,英文语境中的“trust”概念在具体化和操作化测量中只注重“第二性”,无视“第三性”。中文文献所使用的“信任量表”仅简单地借鉴国外信任量表,没有体现出信任概念的第三性,因而不足以揭示和解释中国社会中的信任现象。仅基于第二性来研究信任,也会遮蔽其背后的“三方互制”等更基础的制度议题。因此,如何基于“第三性”来研究信任甚至其他相关概念,是值得深究的一个本土化议题。Quantitative research regards measurement as the revela-tion of the measured“thing”,implying the duality between“language and reality”(signifier and signified).This view contains“reduction-ist”thinking,ignoring the context and meaning behind the measured ob-ject.Based on Peirce’s triadic symbol view,this paper analyzes the first-ness,secondness and thirdness of“xinren”(trust).It holds that“xin-ren”(trust)in Chinese is characterized by thirdness and cannot be re-duced to secondness.The conceptualization and measurement of trust in social research only pay attention to secondness rather than thirdness.The trust-scale employed in Chinese literature is adopted simply from the trust-scale in western academia,and does not reflect the thirdness of“xinren”(trust);so it is not enough to explain the phenomenon of“xin-ren”(trust)in the Chinese context.Studying trust solely based on sec-ondness will obscure the institutional construction issues behind it.It will be worthy to do research about“xinren”(trust)and other related con-cepts based on thirdness in the indigenous context.

关 键 词：测量 所指 信任 

分 类 号：G05[文化科学] B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]