复合改良剂施加修复工程弃渣场覆土的效能研究  

Research on the effectiveness of amending composite ameliorants for remediating covering soil on the waste slag dump

作　　者：谭立伟 杨东阳 温少卿 黄苛 段鹏昌 邓盛炯 常军军[2] TAN Li-wei;YANG Dong-yang;WEN Shao-qing;HUANG Ke;DUAN Peng-chang;DENG Sheng-jiong;CHANG Jun-jun(China Railway Development and Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650100,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;School of Architecture and Planning,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;China Railway No.5 Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410117,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁开发投资集团有限公司,云南昆明650100 [2]云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650500 [3]云南大学建筑与规划学院,云南昆明650500 [4]中铁五局集团第一工程有限责任公司,湖南长沙410117

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第10期75-84,共10页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：中国中铁科技研究开发计划课题(2020-重大专项-04)资助。

摘　　要：快速高效修复工程施工弃渣场对于保护周边生态环境十分重要。本研究采用盆栽试验,添加生物炭+有机肥(BF)、生物炭+有机肥+钙基膨润土(BF-C)以及生物炭+有机肥+聚丙烯酰胺(BF-P)3种复合改良剂,考察改良剂施用对滇中引水工程弃渣场覆土的团聚体稳定性、土壤肥力及植物(狗牙根)生长的影响,筛选可用于工程弃渣场快速复绿的适宜改良剂。结果表明:与未施加改良剂的对照(CK)相比,BF处理显著降低了弃渣场覆土容重,提升了养分含量,BF-P处理中由于聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的配施进一步提升了此方面的效能。各复合改良剂施加均提高了覆土中≥0.25 mm团聚体的含量,增强了土壤团聚体的稳定性,其中BF-P处理提升效能十分显著。BF-C和BF-P处理有效提升了弃渣场覆土中与物质转化相关酶的活性。同时BF和BF-P处理显著增加了狗牙根的生物量。数据分析显示,改良剂施加下弃渣场覆土容重、pH、有机质和养分含量、酶活性以及团聚体稳定性等指标存在显著相关性。基于隶属函数法对改良剂添加修复对土壤各方面性质的改善效能进行综合评价,各处理对弃渣场覆土的综合改善效果排序为BF-P>BF-C>BF>CK。联合施用生物炭、有机肥和PAM能够全面有效改善弃渣场覆土的质量与结构,该方法在工程弃渣场的快速复绿、提升弃渣场水土稳定性方面具有较大的应用潜力。It is highly important to quickly and efficiently remediate waste slag dump for project construction for protecting surrounding ecological environment.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amendment of three types of composite ameliorants,including biochar+organic fertilizer(BF),biochar+organic fertilizer+calcium bentonite(BF-C)and biochar+organic fertilizer+polyacrylamide(BF-P),on the stability of soil aggregates,soil fertility and plant(Cynodon dactylon)growth on the waste slag dump constructed for water diversion project in central Yunnan,China,and then obtain the preferable ameliorant for rapid green restoration of project waste slag dumps.The results showed that the BF treatment significantly reduced the bulk density and increased nutrient contents in the soil covering on waste dump as compared to the control without ameliorant amendment,and amendment of polyacrylamide(PAM)together further enhanced the effectiveness.Amendment of composite ameliorants increased the content of≥0.25 mm aggregate in the soil and enhanced the stability of soil aggregates,with the notable enhancement efficiency achieved by PAM amendment.BF-C and BF-P treatments effectively increased the activities of enzymes related to matter conversions in the soil covering on waste dump.Furthermore,BF and BF-P treatments remarkably increased the biomass of Cynodon dactylon.The results of data analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the bulk density,pH,contents of organic matter and nutrients,enzyme activities and stability of aggregates in the soil covering on waste dump under ameliorant amendment.The improvement efficiency for various soil properties after ameliorant amendment was comprehensively evaluated based on the membership function method,and the comprehensive efficacy of different treatments ranked as:BF-P>BF-C>BF>CK.The results of this study indicated that the combined application of biochar,organic fertilizer and PAM can comprehensively and effectively improve the quality a

关 键 词：弃渣场覆土 复合改良剂 土壤肥力 团聚体稳定性 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]