铁路货车13系列车钩托梁磨耗板裂损原因分析  

Analysis of Fracture Cause for Railway Freight Car 13 Series Coupler Carrier Wear Plate

作　　者：韩欢热 孙广合 谢晓 白燕奇 高明 潘安徽 HAN Huanre;SUN Guanghe;XIE Xiao;BAI Yanqi;GAO Ming;PAN Anhui(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100081 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100081

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2024年第5期78-82,共5页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(J2023J007)。

摘　　要：针对铁路货车13系列车钩托梁磨耗板在使用过程中裂损及严重磨耗的故障,通过形态观察、材料测试以及力学性能测试等手段对故障磨耗板进行了检测分析,并结合实际运用工况,对其损坏原因进行了分析。结果表明:该故障磨耗板材质为17.5%玻璃纤维增强尼龙6材料。所用材料摩擦系数大、耐磨性差是导致磨耗板磨损严重的主要原因,所用材料抗变形能力不足、韧性差是导致磨耗板裂损的主要原因;车辆运行过程中,磨耗板所受挤压、冲击、剪切等作用力较大,且冬季低温、干燥环境下材料抗变形能力和韧性变差,是导致磨耗板发生裂损故障的外在原因。A railway rolling stock depot discovered a case of cracked and severe wear on the coupler carrier wear plate during use.The comprehensive performance were tested by means of macro and micro morphology observation at the crack site,chemical composition,mechanical performance testing.Meanwhile,basing on the operating conditions,the reasons for the fracture were analyzed.The results show that the material of the faulty part is 17.5%fiberglass reinforced nylon 6 material,and has a high coefficient of friction and poor wear resistance,which is the main reason for severe wear of the wear plate.The material also has insufficient resistance to deformation and poor toughness,which is the main cause of cracking.The force(such as compression,impact,and shear)acting on the wear plate is relatively large during operation,and the material's resistance to deformation and toughness deteriorate in low temperature and dry environments in winter,which are the external cause of cracking.

关 键 词：磨耗板 车钩托梁 裂损 尼龙 应力集中 铁路货车 

分 类 号：U270.42[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.34[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]