普速铁路钢轨焊接接头伤损分布特点及规律  

Defects Distribution Characteristics and Rules of Welded Joints of Rails on General Speed Railway

作　　者：吕晶 罗国伟 许鑫 张森 胡杰 张倩 王玉婷 徐超 LYU Jing;LUO Guowei;XU Xin;ZHANG Sen;HU Jie;ZHANG Qian;WANG Yuting;XU Chao(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Track Communication and Signaling,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China;Loudi Engineering Section,China Railway Guangzhou Group Co.,Ltd.,Loudi Hunan 417000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司工电部,北京100844 [3]中国铁路广州局集团有限公司娄底工务段,湖南娄底417000

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2024年第5期83-87,共5页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(K2023G013);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(2023YJ052)。

摘　　要：根据2018—2022年中国铁路物资总公司探伤管理系统中钢轨焊接接头的重伤数据及中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所钢轨失效分析数据管理系统中钢轨焊接接头的折断数据,对我国普速铁路钢轨焊接接头的伤损情况进行了全面梳理分析。结果表明:焊接接头伤损以铝热焊伤损为主,铝热焊伤损中重伤及折断的数量最多,占比分别为77.0%和73.8%,显著高于闪光焊和气压焊接头伤损;3种焊接接头内部裂纹或内部缺陷引起的重伤均占比最高,重伤主要分布在轨底和轨头,轨腰占比最低;铝热焊和闪光焊折断的主要原因为表面缺陷和内部缺陷,气压焊折断的主要原因为表面缺陷、内部缺陷和锈蚀,3种接头折断主要起源于轨腰和轨底,轨头占比最低;3种接头伤损主要分布在直线地段,发生在曲线地段的伤损中曲线上股的数量均高于曲线下股,且曲线半径为400~800 m的占比最高;接头重伤及折断集中发生在10月—次年3月,重伤率、折断率分别是全年其他6个月的1.55倍、5.75倍;接头折断情况在使用初期较高,随着通过总质量的上升呈下降趋势,需加强焊后初期的探伤工作。Based on the serious defects data of rail welded joints in the"Flaw Detection Management System"of China Railway Materials Company Limited and the fracture data of rail welded joints in the"Rail Failure Analysis Data Management System"of Metals and Chemistry Research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited from 2018 to 2022,a comprehensive analysis of the defects situation of rail welded joints on China's general speed railways was carried out.The results show that the defects to welded joints is mainly caused by thermite welding joints.The number of serious defects and fracture of thermite welding joints accounts for 77.0%and 73.8%of the total number of joints seriously defects and fracture respectively,which is significantly higher than that of flash welding and gas pressure welding joints damage.The three types of joints have the highest proportion of serious defects caused by internal cracks or internal defects.Serious defects are mainly distributed at the rail base and rail head,and the rail web has the lowest proportion.The main reasons for the fracture of thermite welding joints and flash welding joints are surface defects and internal defects.The main reasons for the fracture of gas pressure welding joints are surface defects,internal defects and corrosion.The fracture of the three types of joints mainly originates from the rail web and rail base,and the rail head is lowest proportion.The three types of joint defects are mainly distributed in straight sections.Among the defects that occur in curved sections,the number of defects on the outer rail of curves higher than on the inner rail,and the highest proportion is found in curves with a radius of 400~800 m.Serious defects and fractures of joints mainly occur from October to March of the following year,with the serious defects rate and fracture rate being 1.55 times and 5.75 times higher than in the other 6 months of the year respectively.The incidence of joint fractures is higher in the early stage of use,decreasing as the total w

关 键 词：普速铁路 焊接接头 伤损 折断 分布规律 

分 类 号：U213.46[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]