何以跨界融合:美国研究型大学有组织科研的创新机制  

How to Cross and Fuse Boundaries:The Innovative Mechanism of Organized Scientific Research in American Research Universities

作　　者：黄亚婷[1] 刘子涵 HUANG Yating;LIU Zihan(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第10期52-63,共12页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2023年度教育学一般课题“我国研究型大学有组织科研的实践机制研究”(项目编号:BIA230174)。

摘　　要：超越权力边界、资源边界与学科边界的跨界融合,作为加强研究型大学有组织科研的本质要义和关键抓手,深刻影响着美国的科技创新成效。基于无边界组织理论构建"跨垂直边界治理—跨水平边界治理—跨学科边界治理"框架,对 9 所美国国家实验室进行分析,可以发现在跨界融合这一行动逻辑的指引下,美国国家实验室形成自上而下的国家战略需求引领、多主体共同嵌入的开放空间和创新系统。在该系统中,美国研究型大学依托跨垂直治理结构、跨水平协同区域以及跨学科创新单元的多元跨界组织结构,从权力分配与平衡、利益联结与共享、共识协商与文化融合等方面采取契约治理与关系治理相结合的治理手段,调和组织边界跨越过程中出现的权力博弈、利益失衡、文化冲突等张力,为美国研究型大学有组织科研创设良好的发展环境。Crossing the boundaries of power,resources and disciplines is the essence and key point to strengthen the organized scientific research of research universities,which has a profound impact on the scientific and technological innovation of the United States.An analytical framework of"the governance of cross-vertical boundary,the governance of cross-horizontal boundary,and the governance of cross-disciplinary boundary"has been built based on the theory of boundaryless organization.The analysis of 9 American national laboratories shows that under the guidance of the action logic of cross-boundary's fusion,American national laboratories have formed an open space and innovation system led by top-down national strategic needs and embedded by multi-agents.In this system,relying on the multiple cross-boundary organizational structure of cross-vertical governance structure,cross-horizontal collaboration area and interdisciplinary innovation units,American research universities have adopted diverse contractual and relational governance strategies about allocating and equilibrating power,correlating and sharing interest,and promoting consensus negotiation and cultural integration.These strategies are used to reconcile the contradiction of power game,interest imbalance,cultural conflict and other tensions in the process of crossing organizational boundaries,which created a magnificent environment for the development of organized scientific research in American research universities.

关 键 词：美国研究型大学 有组织科研 跨界融合 无边界组织理论 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]