沉水植物无机氮利用策略研究进展  

Utilization strategies of inorganic nitrogen in submerged macrophytes

作　　者：魏理 鲜玲 潘智鹏 吴胜兵 刘帆[2,3] 余俊爽 Wei Li;Xian Ling;Pan Zhipeng;Wu Shengbing;Liu Fan;Yu Junshuang(Changjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group(Hubei)Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Laboratory of Near-Naturalized Water Ecological Restoration Engineering,Changjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group(Hubei)Co.,Ltd.&Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Modern Agriculture Exhibition Centre,Wuhan 430345,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利水电开发集团(湖北)有限公司,武汉430010 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园,武汉430074 [3]长江水利水电开发集团(湖北)有限公司/中国科学院武汉植物园近自然化水生态修复工程联合实验室,武汉430074 [4]湖北省现代农业展示中心,武汉430345

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2024年第5期673-681,共9页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：长江水电集团自主科研项目(SDJTKY-2023-01);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22A20567);南水北调中线水源有限责任公司科研项目(ZSY/YG-ZX-2023-025)。

摘　　要：沉水植物在水体生态系统中发挥着关键作用,能通过直接和间接途径缓解水体中的氮负荷,促进湖泊生态系统的良性运转。沉水植物在无机氮的利用策略上与陆生植物差异显著,为了适应水环境,沉水植物地上和地下部分能够同时获取环境中的氮,并将其进行向上或向下的运输。为了减少高浓度氮的毒害,沉水植物地上和地下部分在氮利用中存在一定的权衡关系。沉水植物氮同化的主要场所是叶片,主要通过谷氨酰胺合成酶/谷氨酸合成酶(GS/GOGAT)循环和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)途径进行氮的同化。目前针对沉水植物的相关研究还远不及陆生植物,仅涉及到生理响应层面,仍需深入探索沉水植物氮素利用的机理,开发合适的遗传转化体系,并利用基因编辑等技术对基因功能进行验证,对关键蛋白质的结构与功能展开深入研究。As important components in aquatic ecosystems,submerged macrophytes can alleviate nitrogen load and improve the healthy operation of ecosystems through direct and indirect ways.Nitrogen utilization strategies of submerged macrophytes differ significantly from those of terrestrial plants.Submerged macrophytes can uptake nitrogen not only from the overlying water,but also from pore water in sediments via aboveground and below-ground parts,respectively.To adapt to the various changes in nitrogen content in aquatic environments,submerged macrophytes exhibit two directions of nitrogen translocation,namely acropetal and basipetal translocation.To avoid the toxicity caused by high nitrogen concentrations,a trade-off exists in nitrogen utilization between the above-and below-ground parts of submerged macrophytes.The GS/GOGAT cycle and GDH pathway are the primary pathways for nitrogen assimilation in submerged macrophytes.Currently,research on submerged macrophytes lags far behind that on terrestrial plants.Further exploration of the mechanisms underlying nitrogen utilization in submerged macrophytes is still needed and a suitable genetic transformation system of submerged macrophytes is required.Molecular technologies such as gene editing can be used to identify gene function,which should promote further studies on the structure and function of key proteins.

关 键 词：沉水植物 陆生植物 无机氮 硝态氮 铵态氮 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]