基于浮游植物动态变化评估调水对棘洪滩水库水质的影响  

Assessment of Water Transfer Effects on Water Quality of Jihongtan Reservoir Based on the Dynamic Changes of Phytoplankton

作　　者：陈立国 陈阳亮 刘本文 刘国祥[2] 张烨 CHEN Liguo;CHEN Yangliang;LIU Benwen;LIU Guoxiang;ZHANG Ye(Shandong Water Diversion Project Operation and Maintenance Center,Jinan 250199,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省调水工程运行维护中心,山东济南250199 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2024年第5期143-153,共11页Environmental Monitoring in China

摘　　要：胶东调水工程是山东省远距离、跨流域、跨区域的大型水资源调配工程,实行长江水、黄河水和当地湖库水多水源联合调度,是胶东地区重要的水资源保障和配置工程。该研究以胶东调水工程水源地(峡山水库)和受水水库(棘洪滩水库)为典型代表,共布设5个样点进行浮游植物全年月度监测和加密监测,对调水过程中2个水库的浮游植物物种组成、丰度、群落结构、优势种、共有物种及多样性进行了比较分析,以评估水库间调水可能产生的水质风险。结果显示:峡山水库调水到棘洪滩水库,导致2个水库的浮游植物趋于同质化,以假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)为首的多个优势蓝藻在棘洪滩水库中具有很好的适应性,使棘洪滩水库浮游植物多样性降低,群落结构受到严重影响;棘洪滩水库水质随调水从清洁型或寡污型快速向重污染型过渡。调水管理部门应密切关注水源地和受水水库的浮游植物及水质状况变化,尽可能选择合适的水源、合适的季节和合适的调水量进行生态调水,确保受水水库水质安全。The Jiaodong Water Transfer Project is a large-scale water resource allocation project in Shandong Province,with a long distance,cross-basin,and cross-regional nature.It implements a joint scheduling of water from the Yangtze River,Yellow River,and local reservoirs,and is an important water resource protection and configuration project in the Jiaodong region.In order to assess the water quality risks arising from interreservoir water transfer of the Jiaodong Water Diversion Project,five sample sites of the Xiashan and Jihongtan reservoirs were deployed for annual monthly and cryptic monitoring of phytoplankton,and the composition,abundance,community structure,dominant species,shared species and diversity in this two reservoirs were compared and analyzed during water diversion.The results showed that the phytoplankton in two reservoirs tended to be homogenized due to the diversion of water from Xiashan reservoir to Jihongtan reservoir,and multiple dominant Cyanobacteria species headed by Pseudanabaena sp.had good adaptability in Jihongtan reservoir,resulting in a decrease in phytoplankton diversity and a serious impact on community structure.The water quality of the Jihongtan reservoir changed rapidly from clean or oligopollution type to heavy pollution type.The water transfer management department should pay close attention to the change of phytoplankton and water quality status of the water sources and the receiving reservoirs,and choose the suitable water sources,the best seasons and the appropriate amount of water to carry out ecological water transfer as far as possible to ensure the water quality safety of the receiving reservoirs.

关 键 词：峡山水库 棘洪滩水库 浮游植物 调水 优势种 入侵 水质 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q179.1[生物学—水生生物学]