2000—2021年蒙古高原湖冰物候变化研究  

Study on phenological changes of lake ice in Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2021

作　　者：侯靖琪 王宁练 石晨烈[1,2] 陈一先 赵明杰 方振祥 HOU Jingqi;WANG Ninglian;SHI Chenlie;CHEN Yixian;ZHAO Mingjie;FANG Zhenxiang(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi’an 710127,China;Institute of Surface Systems and Hazards,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安710127 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院/地表系统与灾害研究院,陕西西安710127 [3]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2024年第5期1537-1550,共14页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42130516)资助。

摘　　要：湖冰物候是湖泊结冰、消融等现象的季节性变化,对区域气候变化有重要的指示作用。本文基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine,GEE),使用250 m空间分辨率MODIS地表反射率产品MOD09GQ和MYD09GQ、Landsat系列遥感数据,对蒙古高原10个大型湖泊(面积大于200 km^(2))2000—2021年的湖冰物候变化进行研究,并结合气象数据分析其与气温、降水以及蒙古高压变化的相关性。结果表明:(1)湖泊整体在11月至12月中上旬期间开始结冰,在11月中旬至12月下旬完全冻结,进入湖泊封冻期;翌年4月下旬开始融化,所有湖泊在6月初完全融化,10个湖泊的平均湖冰存在期为169 d。(2)研究区湖泊湖冰物候整体表现为冻结日推迟、融化日提前、湖泊完全封冻期以及湖冰存在期缩短的趋势。具体表现为开始冻结日与完全冻结日的平均变化率分别为1.88 d·(10a)^(-1)和1.91 d·(10a)^(-1);开始融化日与完全融化日的平均变化率分别为-3.45 d·(10a)^(-1)与-3.41 d·(10a)^(-1);湖冰存在期以及完全封冻期的平均变化率分别为-5.32 d·(10a)^(-1)和-5.37 d·(10a)^(-1)。(3)气候变化会影响研究区湖冰物候变化且气温是影响湖泊湖冰物候变化的关键因素。气温升高导致湖冰开始冻结日(freeze-up start,FUS)推迟,开始融化日(break-up start,BUS)提前和完全封冻期(complete freezing duration,CFD)缩短;同时,部分湖泊的湖冰物候属性会受到冬季蒙古高压的影响,其带来的冷空气会造成湖冰融化期(break-up duration,BUD)、湖冰存在期(ice cover duration,ICD)、完全封冻期(complete freezing duration,CFD)增长。Lake ice phenology is the seasonal change of lake freezing,melting and other phenomena,which plays an important role in indicating regional climate change.This article is based on Google Earth Engine(GEE),using 250 m spatial resolution MODIS surface reflectance products MOD09GQ and MYD09GQ,and Landsat series remote sensing data to analyze the lake conditions of 10 large lakes(area greater than 200 km^(2))on the Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2021.Ice phenology changes were studied,and their correlation with chang⁃es in temperature,precipitation,and Mongolian high pressure was analyzed using meteorological data.The re⁃sults show that:(1)All lakes begin to freeze from November to mid-to-early December,and are completely fro⁃zen from mid-November to late December,entering the lake freeze period;they begin to melt in late April of the following year,and all lakes are completely frozen by the end of May.After thawing,the average lake freeze period for the 10 lakes is 151 days.(2)The overall phenology of lake ice in the study area shows the trend of de⁃layed freezing date,advanced melting date,complete lake freezing period,and shortened lake ice existence peri⁃od.The specific performance is that the average change rate between the day of initial freezing and the day of complete freezing is 1.88 d·(10a)^(-1) and 1.91 d·(10a)^(-1),respectively;the average rate of change on the day of initial thawing and complete thawing is-3.45 d·(10a)^(-1) and-3.41 d·(10a)^(-1);the average change rates of the lake ice existence period and complete freezing period are-5.32 d·(10a)^(-1) and-5.37 d·(10a)^(-1),respectively.(3)Climate change will affect the phenological changes of lake ice in the study area,and temperature is the key factor affecting the phenological changes of lake ice.Rising temperatures lead to a delay in the freeze-up start date(FUS)of lake ice,an advance in the break-up start date(BUS),and a shortening of the complete freezing duration(CFD).At the same time,the phenological properties of lake ice in some

关 键 词：湖冰物候 MODIS LANDSAT 阈值法 NDSI 气候变化 

分 类 号：P343.6+3[天文地球—水文科学]