中医概念“方”“药”初义求真——以简帛“方”“药”用法为中心  

An Exploration of the Original Concepts of Fang and Yao in Traditional Chinese Medicine:Focusing on the Usage of Fang and Yao in Bamboo and Silk Texts

作　　者：沈澍农[1] SHEN Shunong(School of Chinese Medicine,School of Integrative Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学中医学院·中西医结合学院,南京210023

出　　处：《中医药文化》2024年第5期451-464,共14页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA332)。

摘　　要：“方”“药”是中医学重要的基础概念。古代“方”的得名原由,中医界有普遍的误解;古代的“方”与当今的“方剂”概念的关系,也未能真正理顺。古代“药”的初义与当今的“中药”概念也并不等同。单药方属药还是属方(方剂),在当今方剂学研究中存在较大认识偏差。通过对简帛及早期医药文献、文史文献中的相关用例进行梳理、分析,以上问题可以得出较为清晰的答案,从而有助于理解古代医药文献、阐明中医学术中的某些疑难点。Fang(方prescriptions/formulae)and Yao(药herbs/medicine)are important basic concepts of Chinese Medicine.Currently,there are common misunderstandings of the origin of the ancient term Fang,and a lack of clarity about the relationship between Fang and Fang Ji(方剂herbal formulae/prescriptions).Additionally,the original meaning of Yao and modern concept of Zhong Yao(中药Chinese herbs/herbal medicine)are not equivalent.In modern Chinese herbal formulae and pharmaceutic research,there is considerable cognitive bias about whether a single herb Fang should be classifi ed as Yao or Fang(including Fang Ji).A systematic analysis of examples and usage in bamboo and silk texts,along with early medical and historical literatures,can provide insights into these issues and help clarify problems in Traditional Chinese Medicine academic studies.

关 键 词：方 方剂 药 药品 药材 单方 

分 类 号：R-092[医药卫生]