我国煤矿重特大事故统计分析及对策建议  

Statistical analysis and countermeasures of major accidents in coal mines in China

作　　者：王海军[1] 齐庆杰 梁运涛[1] 齐庆新[1] 刘英杰 孙祚 WANG Haijun;QI Qingjie;LIANG Yuntao;QI Qingxin;LIU Yingjie;SUN Zuo(Chinese Institute of Coal Science,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第9期9-18,共10页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52174188,U23B2094);天地科技公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2023-TD-MS009)。

摘　　要：为揭示近年来我国煤矿事故特征,有针对性地提出事故防范对策建议,首先,收集整理2013—2023年全国重特大煤矿事故,分析事故发生的年份、类型、月份、省份和原因等方面;其次,以内蒙古新井煤业“2·22”特别重大坍塌事故为例,基于“2-4”模型(24Model)分析导致事故发生的原因;最后,结合以上分析和研究结果提出符合我国现阶段煤矿安全生产形势的事故预防对策与建议。结果表明:煤矿重特大事故发生起数和死亡人数呈整体下降趋势,且进入“十二五”规划以来,我国煤矿安全生产水平明显提高;瓦斯事故仍是我国煤矿主要事故,占事故总起数的51%;每年第4季度是煤矿事故高发期,占事故总起数的30.43%;受地质条件和赋存情况影响,煤炭主要产区发生事故较多;人的不安全行为导致的事故占比高达74%;当个体层面和组织层面存在隐患且双重预防措施不到位时,易发生事故;从安全监管、科技兴安、队伍建设、安全文化等4个维度提出降低煤矿安全事故的对策建议。To reveal the characteristics of coal mine accidents in China in recent years,and put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions for accident prevention,firstly,the major and catastrophic coal mine accidents in China from 2013 to 2023 were collected and analyzed from the aspects of the year,type,month,province and cause of the accident.Secondly,taking"2·22"particularly serious collapse accident in Inner Mongolia Xinjing coal mine as an example,the accident was analyzed based on 24Model.Finally,combined with the above analysis and research results,the accident prevention countermeasures and suggestions in line with the current situation of coal mine safety production in China were put forward.The analysis and research results show that the number of major accidents and deaths in coal mines has shown an overall downward trend,and the level of coal mine safety production in China has significantly improved since the 12 th Five Year Plan.Gas accidents are still the main accidents in coal mines in China,accounting for 51%.The fourth quarter of each year is a period of high incidence of coal mine accidents,accounting for 30.43% of the total number of accidents.Affected by geological conditions and occurrence,accidents often occur in the main coal producing areas.The proportion of accidents caused by unsafe human behavior is as high as 74%.When there are hidden dangers at both the individual and organizational levels and the dual prevention measures are not in place,accidents are likely to occur.Countermeasures and suggestions for reducing coal mine safety accidents are put forward from four dimensions,including safety supervision,strengthening safety through science and technology,team development and safety culture.

关 键 词：煤矿 重特大事故 统计分析 “2-4”模型(24Model) 事故原因 不安全行为 

分 类 号：X928.01[环境科学与工程—安全科学]