论史学在中世纪盛期拉丁西方知识分类体系中的地位  

An Analysis of the Status of History in the Latin-Western Knowledge Classification System in the High Middle Ages

作　　者：程利伟 Cheng Liwei

机构地区：[1]台州学院人文学院,浙江台州317000

出　　处：《学术研究》2024年第10期128-139,178,共13页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“‘东学西渐’与11至13世纪欧亚北非大陆知识流转研究”(23&ZD323);教育部人文社科青年项目“19世纪末以来‘中世纪人文主义’建构及其知识生产研究”(21YJC770005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西方学术界在论及史学在中世纪西欧知识分类体系中的地位时,往往会强调中世纪初期所形成的一种观点,即“史学从属于语法”,这在很大程度上固化了人们对中世纪西欧史学之地位的认识。事实上,随着中世纪盛期古典文化的复兴以及外来文化的传入,当时的人文主义者从不同的视角对这种观点进行了解构,从而使有关史学之地位的见解呈现出一种多元化的特征。史学由此不再仅仅被视为从属于语法,更多时候还被看作是一个附属于修辞学或诗学的门类,或者单独被作为附属艺学的一个门类。这不仅反映了古典文化复兴所带来的“史学从属于修辞学”这一传统观点的复活,而且也反映了该时期西欧学者对阿拉伯人知识分类体系之观点的吸收与利用。When discussing the position of history in the knowledge classification system of medieval Western Europe,the western academic circle often emphasizes a point of view formed in the early Middle Ages,that is,“history is subordinate to grammar”,which has solidified modern people’s understanding of the position of historiography in medieval Western Europe to a large extent.In fact,with the revival of classical culture and the introduction of foreign cultures in the high Middle Ages,the humanists at that time deconstructed this view from different perspectives,so that the views on the status of history showed a pluralistic character.History is thus no longer regarded as a mere subdivision of grammar,but more often as a subdivision of rhetoric or poetics,or as a separate subdivision of art.This not only reflects the revival of the traditional view that history is subordinated to rhetoric brought about by the revival of classical culture,but also reflects the absorption and utilization of the view of the Arab knowledge classification system by Western European scholars in this period.

关 键 词：史学 语法学 修辞学 诗学 知识分类 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]