四种博物馆学范式的梳理与思考——以《一部博物馆学史:博物馆学理论的重要学者》为中心  

Sorting Out and Reflecting on Four Museological Paradigms-Centred on A History of Museology:Key Authors of Museological Theory

作　　者：薛仁杰 XUE Renjie(School of Art and Archa eology,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学艺术与考古学院

出　　处：《科学教育与博物馆》2024年第5期114-121,共8页Science Education and Museums

摘　　要：《一部博物馆学史:博物馆学理论的重要学者》一书收录了参与ICOFOM讨论的第一代和第二代共18位博物馆学家,以他们的传记、博物馆学观点、学术影响和主要著述为线索,将博物馆学的历史发展脉络系统地串联起来,全景式地呈现了博物馆学的历史沿革与当代趋势。这些博物馆学家由于阐释所依据的理论背景和阐释目的的不同,逐渐形成了四种有代表性的博物馆学范式(或称博物馆学流派),分别是东欧世界的科学博物馆学、法语世界的新博物馆学、拉丁美洲世界的社会博物馆学和亚非世界的博物馆的去殖民化,以上四种博物馆学范式各有其背景、特点和影响。对四种博物馆学范式进行梳理与分析对我国博物馆学的教学和研究有所启发。The book A History of Museology:Key Authors of Museological Theory incudes a total of 18 museologists of the first and second generations who participated in the discussions of ICOFOM.Taking their biographies,points of view on museology,influences,and main works as clues,the book systematically connects the historical development of museology,and presents a panoramic view of the historical evolution and contemporary trends of museology.Due to the different theoretical backgrounds and purposes of interpretation,these museologists have gradually formed four representative museological paradigms(or schools of museology),namely,scientific museology in the Eastern European world,new museology in the French-speaking world,sociomuseology in the Latin American world,and decolonisation of museums in the Asian-African world,with each of them having its own backgrounds,characteristics and influences.Sorting out and analysing the four museological paradigms sheds light on the teaching and research of museology in China.

关 键 词：博物馆学范式 科学博物馆学 新博物馆学 社会博物馆学 博物馆的去殖民化 

分 类 号：G260[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]