盐肤木开花特性及花香成分释放规律分析  

Analysis of flowering characteristics and release pattern of floral aroma components of Rhus chinensis Mill

作　　者：顾菊 温联好 牛芸[1] 普豫凡 吴艳迪 王超[1,2] GU Ju;WEN Lianhao;NIU Yun;PU Yufan;WU Yandi;WANG Chao(Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industralization,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture,State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南省功能性花卉资源及产业化技术工程研究中心,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学国家林业和草原局西南风景园林工程技术研究中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第10期1646-1655,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：云南省科技厅农业联合专项(202301BD070001-087);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(云[2020]TG04号);西南林业大学西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(KLESWFU-202005)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究盐肤木开花特性和花香成分及其释放规律,为进一步开发利用盐肤木花香提供依据。【方法】用扫描电镜观察花粉形态,用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气相色谱联用(GC-MS)技术检测分析不同花期主要花香成分和日变化规律。【结果】盐肤木雌雄异株,圆锥花序,单枝花序集中开花,整株持续开花,花粉黄色,长球形具3孔沟,外壁具条纹。不同花期检测出花香物质共92种(萜烯类29种,醛类19种,酯类15种,醇类14种,酮类5种,烯烃类4种,芳香烃类2种,酚类、烷烃类、酸类和其他类各1种)。其相对含量先升高后降低,在盛花期时达到最大(3.60μg/g),各花期间差异显著,种类持续增加。其盛花期共检测到84种花香物质,释放量日变化呈抛物线趋势,白天显著高于夜晚,18:00时达到最大(4.80μg/g),后持续降低,6:00时最低,仅2.58μg/g。其中萜烯类为盐肤木主要花香物质,相对含量约占总花香含量的70%。【结论】盐肤木花香成分丰富,具明显昼夜节律变化,萜烯类为其主要花香物质。[Objective]This study aims to explore the flowering characteristics and flower fragrance compo-nents and their release patterns of Rhus chinensis,so as to provide a basis for further development and uti-lization of floral fragrance of R.chinensis.[Methods]Scanning electron microscope was used to observe pollen morphology.Headspace-solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)techniques were used to analyze the main floral scent components in different flow-ering stages and daily change pattern.[Results]A total of 92 floral substances(29 terpenes,19 aldehydes,15 esters,14 alcohols,5 ketones,4 olefins,2 aromatic hydrocarbons,and 1 each of phenols,alkanes,acids,and others)were detected in different flowering periods.Its relative content was increased and then decreased,reaching a maximum(3.60μg/g)at the full-flowering stage,with significant differences among the flowering stages.A total of 84 floral aroma substances were detected during full flowering stage.The release showed a parabolic daily variation trend,which was higher during the day than at night and reached the maximum at 18:00(4.80μg/g),and then continued to decrease and reached the lowest at 6:00,with 2.58μg/g.Terpenes were the main floral substances of R.chinensis,with a relative content of about 70%of the total floral components.[Conclusion]R.chinensis is rich in floral components,with a clear diurnal rhythm.Terpenes are its main floral substances.

关 键 词：盐肤木 开花特性 花香成分 花期 日变化 顶空-固相微萃取 气相色谱联用技术 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]