猪发酵床垫料二次发酵有机肥微生物群落分析  

Microbial Community Analysis of Secondary Composting Fermentation of Porcine Fermented Mattress Materials

作　　者：张晶 燕志宏[2] 杨仕钰 周静 邱雪松 安延清 刘芳 ZHANG Jing;YAN Zhi-hong;YANG Shi-yu;ZHOU Jing;QIU Xue-song;AN Yan-qing;LIU Fang(Guizhou Yuhong Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550014,China;Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州煜宏生物科技有限公司,贵州贵阳550014 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第10期27-34,共8页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“基于生猪粪污生物降解地方微生物资源的研究”(黔科合[2023]一般474);揭榜挂帅制科技项目“农业秸秆发酵床养猪技术推广应用”(黔南科合[2023]24号)。

摘　　要：以猪发酵垫床垫料为研究对象,腐殖酸、过磷酸钙、硫酸亚铁作为保氮剂进行堆肥发酵,分析了发酵产物中微生物群落的组成,从堆肥有益菌角度评价了不同保氮剂的效果,为进一步处理猪床垫料进行高效堆肥提供理论依据。基于高通量测序技术,分析了不同保氮剂处理发酵产物中细菌和真菌在门和属水平上的结构差异。结果表明:在细菌门水平上,发酵产物中主要的细菌有绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);在细菌属水平上,除去未命名与未分类的细菌,发酵产物中主要的细菌有芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、链霉菌(Streptomyces)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas);腐殖酸提升了变形菌门、拟杆菌门、假单胞菌的丰度,降低绿弯菌门、放线菌门、芽孢杆菌、链霉菌的丰度;过磷酸钙提升了绿弯菌门的丰度,但降低了变形菌门、厚壁菌门、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌的丰度;硫酸亚铁提升了拟杆菌门、链霉菌的丰度,但降低了绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌的丰度。在真菌门水平上,发酵产物中以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为优势菌;在真菌属水平上,过磷酸钙、硫酸亚铁处理以木霉(Trichoderma)、曲霉(Aspergillus)为优势菌,腐殖酸处理大幅降低了木霉和曲霉的丰度,但其丰度更为均匀,对发酵有益的假拟利希氏菌和假丝酵母菌的丰度具有明显的提升作用。综上,不同保氮剂添加进行发酵垫床垫料二次发酵能改变发酵产物中细菌和真菌群落的多样性及其丰度,其中以腐殖酸影响群落丰度的效果最显著,抑制有益菌的能力弱于过磷酸钙,腐殖酸对丰度的影响大于硫酸亚铁。porcine fermented mattress materials were used as the research objects,and humic acid,calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate were used as nitrogen retention agents for composting fermentation.The composition of microbial community in the fermentation products was analyzed,and the effects of different nitrogen retention agents were evaluated from the perspective of composting beneficial bacteria,so as to provide theoretical basis for further composting of porcine mattress materials.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the structural differences of bacteria and fungi in fermentation products treated with different nitrogen preserving agents at the phylum and genus levels.The results showed that at the phylum level,Chloroflexi,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Bacteroidota,and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the fermentation products.At bacteria genera level,removing the unnamed and unclassified bacteria,the main bacterium in the fermented product were Bacillus,Streptomyces and Pseudomonas.The application of humic acid increased the abundance of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Pseudomonas,while decreased the richness of Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,Bacillus and Streptomyces.Calcium superphosphate enhanced the abundance of Chloroflexi,but reduced that of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacillus and Pseudomonas.Ferrous sulfate increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Streptomyces,but decreased that of Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,Bacillus and Pseudomonas.At the fungi phylum level,Ascomycota was the dominant group in the fermentation products.At the fungi genus level,the treatments with calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate resulted in the prevalence of Trichoderma and Aspergillus.Humic acid treatment significantly reduced the abundance of Trichoderma and As-pergillus,leading to a more even distribution of fungi richness,with a notable increase in the abundance of beneficial fungi such as Pseudallescheria and Candida,which are conducive to fermentation.Therefore,the addition of different nitrog

关 键 词：堆肥 保氮剂 高通量测序 微生物多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]