海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水蓄滞洪区泥沙淤积分析  

Sediment deposition in the flood detention area of the"23.7"super large flood in the Haihe River basin

作　　者：杨胜天[1] 朱贻凡 周柏池 娄和震 丁建新[1] 宋文龙 丛佩娟[3] 龚记熠 王怀星 李杰康 YANG Shengtian;ZHU Yifan;ZHOU Baichi;LOU Hezhen;DING Jianxin;SONG Wenlong;CONG Peijuan;GONG Jiyi;WANG Huaixing;LI Jiekang(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Research Center on Flood&Drought Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Water Resources,Bejing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心(水旱灾害防御中心),北京100038 [3]水利部水土保持监测中心,北京100053

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2024年第5期865-874,共10页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：北京市水土流失监测专项项目(11000023210200046167-XM001/2)。

摘　　要：为探究海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水过程中蓄滞洪区泥沙淤积特征,评估受灾情况,基于实地淤积调查和高分遥感影像,计算淤积厚度空间分布,并结合DEM数据估算蓄滞洪量和蓄滞洪区利用率。结果表明:淤积厚度插值的均方根误差E_(RMS)为1.32,纳什系数E_(NS)为0.78,蓄滞洪量计算的E_(RMS)为0.75,E_(NS)为0.92,证明研究计算方法可行,计算结果可靠;8个蓄滞洪区共蓄洪24.63亿m^(3),蓄滞洪区利用率约为36.90%,平均淤积厚度为2.60 cm,总淤积量达7.67×10^(7) t;海河流域洪水含沙量约31.14 kg/m^(3),其中大清河系和永定河系的洪水含沙量达到过去20 a平均含沙量的20~40倍;此外,研究发现海河流域西部和北部山地的淤积情况更严重,较早启用的、位于上游的蓄滞洪区淤积量更大。The catastrophic flood eventb"23·7"super large flood in the Haihe River basin resulted from a combination of meteorological and geographical factors.The residual circulation from Typhoon Doksuri,combined with subtropical high pressure and moisture transport from Typhoon Khanun,interacted with the local topography to create conditions that led to extreme rainfall.This intense rainfall event,which took place from July 28 to August 1,2023,was the most severe since 1963,with a total accumulated area rainfall amounting to 155.3 mm.This situation led to unprecedented flooding across the region,with 22 rivers exceeding their warning levels and eight rivers experiencing the most significant floods recorded in their history.As a response to the emergency conditions,eight flood detention areas within the basin were activated,resulting in significant sediment deposition.This,in turn,severely impacted both agricultural production and daily life in these regions.In order to investigate and evaluate the sediment deposition characteristics within the flood detention areas following the event,a comprehensive study was conducted.This study was distinguished by its use of advanced technologies,including satellite remote sensing,drone imagery,and ground surveys,which were carried out on August 29,2023.Remote sensing images acquired from ZY-1F and GF-2 satellites were meticulously interpreted to identify the extent and characteristics of sediment deposition within the eight flood detention areas.Additionally,field surveys were conducted to obtain precise measurements of sediment thickness,volume,and mass within these areas.The maximum inundation depth was determined using flood mark measurements,and from these measurements,the average inundation depth,flood storage capacity,utilization rate,and sediment concentration were calculated.The sediment thickness and concentration calculations'reliability and accuracy were assessed using the Root Mean Square Error(E_(RMS))and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(E_(NS))metrics.The integration of fiel

关 键 词：“23·7”流域性特大洪水 海河流域 蓄滞洪区 泥沙淤积 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV873[自动化与计算机技术] TP593