论人工智能立法的基本路径  

On the Basic Path of Artificial Intelligence Legislation

作　　者：林洹民 Lin Huanmin

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第5期82-102,共21页China Legal Science

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金重点项目“个人数据交易的私法构造研究”(项目批准号:23AFX014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：采用何种路径规范人工智能活动,是人工智能立法的核心问题。风险管理进路存在风险评估与分类困难、放任损害发生等问题,并非人工智能立法的当然选择。与以往科技活动不同,人工智能活动既属于专精科技活动,又具有赋能科技活动属性。以人工智能活动为规范对象的人工智能法不应以单一理论为指导,而应遵从科技法与应用法双重定位。科技法定位下的《人工智能法》应尊重科技自主,将科技伦理内化于人工智能研发活动中,同时打破制度壁垒,设计促进型规则,助力人工智能科技的发展。应用法定位下的《人工智能法》则应关注科技赋能场景导致的功能异化现象,一方面借助抽象的权利义务工具,尤其是通过规定新型权利,构建弹性的规范框架,回应不同应用场景中的价值序列差异;另一方面应推行实验主义治理,通过监管沙箱、授权性立法等设计,动态调整监管策略,满足人工智能赋能应用活动的灵活治理需求。Which path to be adopted to regulate Artificial Intelligence(Al)activities,is the central question of AI legislation.The risk management approach suffers from the difficulties of assessing and categorizing risks and letting damages happen,which should not be considered a perfect choice for AI legislation.Unlike previous scientific and technological activities,AI activities have the dual attributes of professional technology activities and enabling technology activities.The AI law,which takes AI activities as the object of regulation,should not be guided by one single theory,but should comply with the dual position of scientific law and application law.Under the dimension of scientific law,the AI law should respect science autonomy and help internalize science ethics in AI research activities,while breaking down institutional barriers and designing facilitative rules to help the development of AI technology.Under the positioning of application law,the AI law should concern functional alienation caused by technology-enabled scenarios.The AI law should,on the one hand,rely on the abstract rights and obligations tools of the legal system,especially through the provision of new types of rights,to build an elastic normative framework to respond to the differences in the sequence of values in different application scenarios;on the other hand,follow the steps of experimentalist governance with the help of regulatory sandboxes,enabling legislation and others,dynamically adjusting regulatory programs to meet the flexible governance needs of Al-enabled application activities.

关 键 词：人工智能立法 专精科技 赋能科技 科技伦理 实验主义治理 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D922.17[政治法律—法学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]