社会本位的中国基本权利功能体系构建  

Function System Construction of Basic Rights in China Based on Society

作　　者：李忠夏 Li Zhongxia

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学习近平法治思想研究中心

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第5期221-241,共21页China Legal Science

基　　金：2022年度北京市社会科学基金规划重点项目“全过程人民民主的宪法基础:基于中国宪法学自主知识体系的研究”(项目批准号:22PXA006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在宪法变迁的背景下,中国宪法中的基本权利不仅具有防范国家权力的属性,而且保留了其调控社会的属性。基本权利不仅调控国家与个体之间的关系,而且在一定程度上开始介入私主体关系当中,也就是介入到社会内部关系当中。在现代社会中,基本权利不是看不见社会的,而是需以社会为本位。社会本位的基本权利属性,不仅来自前近代的中国传统和新中国立宪的“社会主义”传统,而且与现代社会复杂性的提升和社会系统的功能分化密切相关。社会内部的分化使得社会内部的自治出现了差序格局,其内部的平衡无法藉由私自治加以维系,需通过国家干预来进行调节,基本权利便是其中重要的调节措施。基本权利的社会调控,需正确处理个体、社会、国家三者之间的立体关系,并通过确立基本权利于社会之内的内部边界以及在国家目标和国家整合层面的外部边界,从而确立基本权利保护的中国特色,进而发展出立足于中国的、动态的基本权利规范保护体系。Under the background of constitutional changes,the basic rights in the Chinese Constitution not only have the attribute of preventing state power,but also retain their attribute of regulating society.Basic rights not only regulate the relationship between the state and individuals,but also begin to intervene in the relationship between private subjects to a certain extent,that is,intervene in the internal relationship of society.In modern society,basic rights are not blind to society,but need to be based on society.The basic rights attribute of society-based not only comes from the pre-modern Chinese tradition and the'socialist'tradition of the constitution of the People's Republic of China,but is also closely related to the increase in the complexity of modern society and the functional differentiation of social systems.The differentiation within the society has led to a differential pattern of autonomy within society.Its internal balance cannot be maintained by private autonomy and needs to be regulated through state intervention.Basic rights are an important regulatory measure.The social regulation of basic rights needs to correctly handle the three-dimensional relationship between individuals,society and the state,and establish the Chinese characteristics of basic rights protection by establishing the internal boundaries of basic rights within society and the external boundaries at the level of national goals and national integration,and then develop a dynamic normative protection system of basic rights based on China.

关 键 词：基本权利 社会本位 社会秩序塑造 客观价值秩序 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]