新疆铁路职工膳食营养状况调查及干预效果评价  

Investigation on dietary nutritional status of Xinjiang railway workers and evaluation of intervention effect

作　　者：蒲金芬 李学明 衡玉娇 杨丁 PU Jinfen;LI Xueming;HENG Yujiao;YANG Ding(Station Train Supervision Office,Urumqi Railway Health Supervision Institute,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐铁路卫生监督所站车监督室,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第15期2058-2063,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(2022-kj-54)。

摘　　要：目的通过对铁路职工营养知识、态度、行为问卷调查及膳食营养摄入调查,评价分析新疆铁路职工膳食营养干预前后的营养认知行为及膳食营养摄入量变化情况,并以此评价膳食营养干预效果,为指导铁路职工科学供餐、合理膳食提供参考依据。方法2023年5—8月,随机抽取某铁路局站段职工食堂及就餐职工为研究对象,其中男性119名,女性96名,年龄在18~49岁,通过膳食营养KAP调查问卷调查铁路职工营养认知行为,通过食物称重记账法和24 h膳食回顾法调查铁路职工膳食营养素摄入情况,通过膳食营养宣教方式对铁路职工进行膳食营养干预,并将干预前后效果进行对比分析。结果新疆铁路职工膳食营养干预前问卷调查一般营养知识平均得分为(10.16±1.95)分,干预后为(14.86±0.54)分;干预前营养态度平均得分为(12.63±3.13)分,干预后为(23.87±0.37)分;干预前营养行为平均得分为(29.16±2.95)分,干预后为(41.25±5.64)分;干预前总分平均分为(59.13±3.54)分,干预后为(84.19±7.42)分,干预前后差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。铁路职工膳食营养干预前各类食物摄入不平衡,3大产能营养素摄入比例不协调,大部分维生素和矿物质摄入不足,干预后3大产能营养素及维生素、矿物质摄入比例有明显改善,达到《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量2013版》和《中国居民膳食指南2022》推荐范围。结论铁路职工对合理膳食营养促进身体健康和提高工作效率认可度高,但同时存在很多不合理的膳食行为。经过膳食营养干预,能够明显丰富铁路职工膳食营养知识,提升膳食营养态度,改善膳食营养行为,实现合理膳食、均衡营养的目标。Objective To evaluate and analyze the changes of nutritional cognition,behavior and dietary nutrition intake of Xinjiang railway workers before and after dietary nutrition intervention by means of questionnaire survey on nutritional knowledge,attitude,behavior and dietary nutrition intake of railway workers,and to evaluate the effects of dietary nutrition intervention,so as to provide reference for guiding railway workers to provide scientific meals and reasonable diets.Methods From May to August 2023,a random sample of 119 males and 96 females aged 18-49 were selected from the canteen and dining staff of a railway station as the research subjects.The nutritional cognition and behavior of railway staff was investigated by dietary nutrition KAP questionnaire,and the dietary nutrient intake of railway staff was investigated by food weighing and accounting method and 24-hour dietary review method.Dietary nutrition intervention for railway workers was carried out by means of dietary nutrition education,and the effects before and after intervention were compared and analyzed.Results The average score of general nutrition knowledge in the questionnaire survey of Xinjiang railway employees were(10.16±1.95)points before intervention and(14.86±0.54)points after intervention,the average score of nutrition attitude were(12.63±3.13)points before intervention and(23.87±0.37)points after intervention,the average scores of nutritional behavior were(29.16±2.95)points before intervention and(41.25±5.64)points after intervention,the average total scores were(59.13±3.54)points before intervention and(84.19±7.42)points after intervention,and the differences before and after intervention were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Before the dietary nutrition intervention for railway workers,there was an unbalanced food intake,uncoordinated intake ratio of the three productive nutrients,and insufficient intake of most vitamins and minerals.After the intervention,there was a significant improvement in the proportion of nutrient

关 键 词：铁路职工 膳食营养 膳食干预 膳食平衡 

分 类 号：R151.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]